部份中文左旋多巴处方资料（仅供参考）
英文名：Levodopa
商品名：DOPASTON
中文名：左旋多巴
生产商：大原薬品工業
ドパストン静注２５ｍｇ/ドパストン静注５０ｍｇ
药用类别名称
帕金森病治疗剂
批准日期：
欧文商標名
DOPASTON FOR INTRAVENOUS USE 25mg
DOPASTON FOR INTRAVENOUS USE 50mg
一般名：
レボドパ (Levodopa)
化学名：
3-Hydroxy-L-tyrosine
略称：
L-DOPA
構造式：
分子式：
C9H11NO4
分子量：
197.19
性状
本产品为白色或略带灰色的结晶性粉末或结晶性粉末, 无异味。
本品易溶于甲酸, 几乎不溶于水, 几乎不溶于乙醇(95)。
本产品熔融成稀盐酸。
熔点：
约 275°c (拆卸)
分布系数:
用烧瓶晃动法记录的法(Pow=辛醇相的浓缩/水相浓度) 法测定本产品的水和辛醇的分布系数为-2.4 (pH7.0)。
药用药理学
1. 对γ运动神经元的影响
实验中使用戊巴比妥麻醉猫、尾核、中脑网状体、大脑皮层, 通过给左旋的给药抑制了电刺激小脑叶引起的γ运动神经元放电的促进作用。
2. 与药物和其他治疗相关的非运动、肌肉紧张和震颤的影响
无毛姿势由小鼠的树脂, 肌肉高渗的大鼠, 左旋多巴被观察到对抗非动态或鳏夫运动的症状, 通过旋转运动和小鼠的旋转运动和菲索斯蒂敏的尾状核刺激。
正常或单侧脑损伤的猴子α-甲基, 虽然震颤和紧张是诱导给酪氨酸的管理, 在短时间内通过左旋多巴的管理观察到损失。
3. 作用机制
左旋多巴是多巴胺的前体, 据说与帕金森病的病理生理学有重要的相关性, 被带入大脑通过血脑屏障的给药, 在那里它被转化为多巴胺表现出生理作用, 据说对帕金森病和帕金森病有影响。
适应症
帕金森病, 帕金森病综合征
用法与用量
通常成人1天的量25至50毫克作为左旋多巴被分为1-2次, 因为它被稀释为静脉输液或生理盐水或葡萄糖注射。
此外, 还根据年龄和症状进行适当调整。
临床结果
该药物的临床试验是在78例帕金森病和帕金森病综合征的对象进行的。因此, 如果以主要三种症状的改善为指标, 在非动态~寡妇运动中, 肌肉力量为80.3、80.3, 震颤率提高了61.2。 在一般的静脉治疗中, 与口服治疗相比, 效果较小, 虽然效果表达迅速, 但延续的趋势是获得一点短。
包装
25毫克(10mL):10管
50毫克 (20mL):10 管
制造和销售来源
大原薬品工業
注：以上中文处方资料不够完整，使用者以原处方资料为准。
完整说明资料附件：http://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/pack/1164400A1045_1_08/ 
Dopaston - General Information:
The naturally occurring form of dihydroxyphenylalanine and the immediate precursor of dopamine.
Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier.
It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to dopamine.
It is used for the treatment of parkinsonian disorders and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system. [PubChem]
Pharmacology: Dopaston (L-dopa) is used to replace dopamine lost in Parkinson's disease because dopamine itself cannot cross the blood-brain barrier where its precursor can. However, L-DOPA is converted to dopamine in the periphery as well as in the CNS, so it is administered with a peripheral DDC (dopamine decarboxylase) inhibitor such as carbidopa,
without which 90% is metabolised in the gut wall, and with a COMT inhibitor if possible; this prevents about a 5% loss. The form given therapeutically is therefore a prodrug which avoids decarboxylation in the stomach and periphery, can cross the blood-brain barrier, and
once in the brain is converted to the neurotransmitter dopamine by the enzyme aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase.
Dopaston for patients
Stopping this medication suddenly can cause Parkinson's disease to worsen quickly. Report bothersome or unexpected side effects. Unless prescribed, do not take levodopa in addition to this drug.
Avoid pyridoxine (vitamin B6) if you are taking levodopa alone, although it can be taken with carbidopa/levodopa. Avoid high-protein meals for maximum absorption. If you are taking the sustained-release tablet, swallow a whole or one-half tablet without chewing or crushing it. Onset of effect of the first morning dose of the sustained release product could be delayed up to 1 hour compared with the quick-release product. A dark color (red, brown, or black) might appear in saliva, urine, or sweat and can stain clothing.
Dopaston Interactions
Dopaston ContraindicationsMonoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors and Larodopa should not be given concomitantly and these inhibitors must be discontinued 2 weeks prior to initiating therapy with Larodopa.
Larodopa is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug and in narrow angle glaucoma.
Because levodopa may activate a malignant melanoma, it should not be used in patients with suspicious, undiagnosed skin lesions or a history of melanoma.
Additional information about Dopaston
Dopaston Indication: For the treatment of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (Paralysis Agitans), postencephalitic parkinsonism, symptomatic parkinsonism which may follow injury to the nervous system by carbon monoxide intoxication, and manganese intoxication.
Mechanism Of Action: Striatal dopamine levels in symptomatic Parkinson's disease are decreased by 60 to 80%, striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission may be enhanced by exogenous supplementation of dopamine through administration of dopamine's precursor, levodopa. A small percentage of each levodopa dose crosses the blood-brain barrier and is decarboxylated to dopamine.
This newly formed dopamine then is available to stimulate dopaminergic receptors, thus compensating for the depleted supply of endogenous dopamine.
Drug Interactions: Not Available
Food Interactions: Not Available
Generic Name: Levodopa
Synonyms: L-Dihydroxyphenylalanine; L-DOPA; DOPA; 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanineDrug Category: Dopamine Agents; Antiparkinson Agents; AntidyskineticsDrug Type: Small Molecule; ApprovedOther Brand Names containing Levodopa: Bendopa; Brocadopa; Cidandopa; Deadopa; Dopaflex; Dopaidan; Dopal; Dopal-Fher; Dopalina; Dopar; Doparkine; Doparl; Dopasol; Dopaston; Dopastral; Doprin; Eldopal; Eldopar; Eldopatec; Eurodopa; Helfo-Dopa; Insulamina;
Laradopa; Larodopa; Ledopa; Levedopa; Levopa; Maipedopa; Parda; Pardopa; Prodopa; Veldopa; Weldopa; Syndopa; Absorption: Levodopa is rapidly absorbed from the proximal small intestine by the large neutral amino acid (LNAA) transport carrier system.
Toxicity (Overdose): Oral, mouse: LD50 = 2363 mg/kg; Oral, rabbit: LD50 = 609 mg/kg; Oral, rat: LD50 = 1780 mg/kg.
Protein Binding: HighBiotransformation: 95% of an administered oral dose of levodopa is
pre-systemically decarboxylated to dopamine by the L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD) enzyme in the stomach, lumen of the intestine, kidney, and liver. Levodopa also may be methoxylated by the hepatic catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) enzyme system to 3-O-methyldopa (3-OMD), which cannot be converted to central dopamine.
Half Life: 50 to 90 minutes
Dosage Forms of Dopaston: Tablet OralChemical IUPAC Name: (2S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acidChemical Formula: C9H11NO4Organisms Affected: Humans and other mammals.