部份中文哌甲酯处方资料(仅供参考)
【药品名】哌甲酯
【英文名】Metllylphenidate
【别 名】呢醋甲酯,利他林,RITALIN
【性 状】常用其盐酸盐,为白色结晶性粉末;无臭。在水或甲醇中易溶,在乙醇中溶解,在氯仿中微溶在丙酮中几乎不溶。
【作用与用途】为精神兴奋药。能提高精神活动,可对抗抑郁症。作用比苯丙胺弱,毒副作用亦较少。口服易吸收,1次服药作用可维持4小时左右。在体内迅速代谢,经尿排出。tl/230分钟。主要用于轻微脑功能失调(MBD)。国内曾用于治疗MBD241例,有效223例(92.53%)。
【用法与用量】口服,一次10mg,一日20—30mg。6岁以上儿童开始每次口服5mg,一日2次,于早饭及午饭前服。以后根据疗效调整剂量,每隔周递增5一10mg,一日总量不超过60mg。
【副作用与毒性】
(1) 不良反应与剂量有关。一般日量在30mg以内副作用很少。
(2) 最常见副作用为食欲减退;选用可口食物,加用健胃药可减轻此症状。经以上处理食欲减退仍十分严重者,应考虑减量。其他不良反应有口干、头晕、头痛、失眠、倦睡、运动障碍、恶心、神经质、皮疹、心律失常、心悸等。有些不良反应仅在服药初期出现,坚持服药可自动消失,可致依赖性。
(3) 6岁以下儿童,避免应用。
(4) 为了延缓耐药性的产生或减少副作用,在患儿不上学的日子(节假日)可以停药。但如果病情严重,不但影响学习,也影响其日常活动者,则应每日服药。傍晚以后宜避免服药,以免引起失眠。有人建议:儿童食欲较好,较胖者可在饭前服药;食欲较差、较瘦小者可在饭后服药。
(5) 癫痫、高血压患者慎用。6岁以下儿童、严重焦虑、青光眼、激动、过度兴奋者禁用。
【制剂】
片剂:每片5mg;10mg、20mg;
缓释片:每片20mg。
注射剂:每支20mg(1ml)。
Concerta Tablets
Concerta® (methylphenidate extended release) is a medication often used for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is approved for use in children, teenagers, and adults.
Concerta tablets are available by prescription only and are available in four different strengths, including 18 mg, 27 mg, 36 mg, and 54 mg. Since the drug is designed to be released slowly over time, it only needs to be taken once a day (first thing in the morning).
Although Concerta is a stimulant, it actually produces calming effects when used for treating ADHD. It is not known exactly how the medication works, but it is known to affect certain chemicals in the brain.
Even though most people do not experience any problems while taking Concerta tablets, side effects are possible. Some of the most commonly reported side effects include dry mouth, nausea, loss of appetite, and insomnia.