部份中文盐酸青霉胺处方资料（仅供参考）
英文名：PENICILLAMINE
商品名：CUPRIMINE
中文名：盐酸青霉胺
生产商：ATON PHARMA INC(DISC)
作用与用途：
重金属解毒药。系青霉素的分解产物，为含有巯基的氨基酸，对铜、汞、铅等重金属有络合作用，能与体内积聚的金属络合，从小便排出体外。
用于治疗肝豆状核变性病，有明显的排铜作用；亦用于慢性铅、汞中毒等。
用法与用量：
肝豆状核变性病：口服，每次O.15—O．3g，每日0．6—1g，小儿每日20—25mg／kg。
促性铅、汞中毒：每日1g，分3—4次；小儿每日100mg／kg，分4次，5—7日为1疗程，两疗程间隔2—3日，可连用2—3疗程。
注意事项：
1．用前需做青霉素过敏试验。用药期间，经常检查尿蛋白，以免引起肾病综合症。
2．毒性小，副作用轻微，有乏力、头昏、恶心、皮疹、白细胞及血小板减少等。偶见血尿及阵发性腹绞痛。
贮藏：
避光，密闭凉暗处保存。
包装规格
CUPRIMINE 250MG CAP 100 PENICILLAMINE ATON PHARMA INC (DISC)  NDC： 25010070515   $35,972.03
完整说明资料附件：
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=80e736d3-2017-4d68-94b4-38255c3c59c6
Wilson’s disease (WD), the most common inherited disorder of copper metabolism, results from a failure of the copper excretory pathway. This leads to toxic accumulation of copper in the liver and eventually other organs.1 The worldwide preva lence of WD is estimated to be one in 30,000 individuals.2 The condition can be effectively treated with a low copper diet and chelating agents that bind copper to facilitate its excretion from the body. CUPRIMINE® (penicillamine) is a first-line chelating agent indicated for removal of excess copper in patients with WD.3
Physicians planning to use penicillamine should thoroughly familiarize themselves with its toxicity, special dosage considerations, and therapeutic benefits. Penicillamine should never be used casually. Each patient should remain constantly under the close supervision of the physician. Patients should be warned to report promptly any symptoms suggesting toxicity.
INDICATIONS
Cuprimine® (penicillamine) is indicated in the treatment of Wilson's disease, cystinuria, and in patients with severe, active rheumatoid arthritis who have failed to respond to an adequate trial of conventional therapy. Available evidence suggests that Cuprimine is not of value in ankylosing spondylitis.
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION
Except for the treatment of Wilson's disease or certain patients with cystinuria, use of penicillamine during pregnancy is contraindicated. Mothers on therapy with penicillamine should not nurse their infants.
Patients with a history of penicillamine-related aplastic anemia or agranulocytosis should not be restarted on penicillamine. Because of its potential for causing renal damage, penicillamine should not be administered to rheumatoid arthritis patients with a history or other evidence of renal insufficiency.
The use of penicillamine has been associated with fatalities due to certain diseases such as aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, Goodpasture's syndrome, and myasthenia gravis.
Routine urinalysis, white and differential blood cell count, hemoglobin determination, direct platelet count, together with monitoring of the patient's skin, lymph nodes and body temperature, must be done twice weekly for five months and monthly thereafter. Patients should be instructed to report promptly the development of signs and symptoms of granulocytopenia and/or thrombocytopenia such as fever, sore throat, chills, bruising or bleeding.
A reduction in WBC count below 3500/mm3 requires discontinuation. Platelet count below 100,000/mm3 even in absence of clinical bleeding; or a progressive fall in either platelet or WBC count in three successive determinations requires at least temporary cessation of therapy.
Proteinuria and/or hematuria may develop during therapy and may be warning signs of membranous glomerulopathy which can progress to a nephrotic syndrome.
Because of rare reports of intrahepatic cholestasis and toxic hepatitis, liver function tests are recommended every six months for the duration of therapy. In Wilson's disease, these are recommended every three months, at least during the first year of treatment.
Onset of new or worsening of existing neurological symptoms has been reported during initiation of therapy with Cuprimine.
When pemphigus is suspected, Cuprimine should be discontinued.
Pregnancy Category D - Penicillamine can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Penicillamine should not be administered to pregnant women with cystinuria or rheumatoid arthritis and should be discontinued promptly in patients in whom pregnancy is suspected or diagnosed. Penicillamine has been shown to be teratogenic in rats when given doses 6 times higher than the highest dose recommended for humans. Penicillamine for Wilson’s disease should be used in women of childbearing potential only when the expected benefits outweigh the possible hazards. Reported experience shows that continued treatment with penicillamine throughout pregnancy protects the mother against relapse of the Wilson's disease, and discontinuation of penicillamine has deleterious effects on the mother, which may be fatal.
Some patients may experience drug fever with or without macular cutaneous eruptions. Penicillamine should be temporarily discontinued in these patients if being treated for Wilson's disease or cystinuria until the reaction subsides. In the case of drug fever in rheumatoid arthritis patients, because other treatments are available, penicillamine should be discontinued.
The skin and mucous membranes should be observed for allergic reactions. Early and late rashes have occurred. Less commonly, a late rash may be seen, usually after six months or more of treatment, and requires discontinuation of penicillamine.
The appearance of a drug eruption accompanied by fever, arthralgia, lymphadenopathy or other allergic manifestations usually requires discontinuation of penicillamine.
Penicillamine should not be used in patients who are receiving concurrently gold therapy, antimalarial or cytotoxic drugs, oxyphenbutazone or phenylbutazone because these drugs are also associated with similar serious hematologic and renal adverse reactions. Patients who have had gold salt therapy discontinued due to a major toxic reaction may be at greater risk of serious adverse reactions with penicillamine but not necessarily of the same type.
Patients who are allergic to penicillin may theoretically have cross-sensitivity to penicillamine.
Patients with Wilson's disease or cystinuria should be given 25 mg/day of pyridoxine during therapy, since penicillamine increases the requirement for this vitamin. Patients also may receive benefit from a multivitamin preparation. In Wilson's disease, multivitamin preparations must be copper-free. Rheumatoid arthritis patients whose nutrition is impaired should also be given a daily supplement of pyridoxine. Mineral supplements should not be given, since they may block the response to penicillamine.
Penicillamine is a drug with a high incidence of untoward reactions, some of which are potentially fatal.
Reported incidences for the most commonly occurring adverse reactions in rheumatoid arthritis patients based on 17 representative clinical trials reported in the literature (1270 patients) include events related to Allergy: pruritis, rashes, pemphigus; Gastrointestinal: anorexia, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, or occasional diarrhea, hepatic dysfunction, effect on taste perception and oral ulcerations; Hematological: leukopenia, thrombocytopenia leading to fatalities; Renal: proteinuria and/or hematuria progressing to nephrotic syndrome, renal failure; Central Nervous System: tinnitus, optic neuritis, peripheral sensory and motor neuropathies, muscular weakness, visual and psychic disturbances, mental disorders, and agitation and anxiety; Neuromuscular: myasthenia gravis, dystonia. Other: Adverse reactions reported rarely include thrombophlebitis, hyperpyrexia, alopecia, lichen planus, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, mammary hyperplasia, elastosis perforans serpiginosa, toxic epidermal necrolysis, anetoderma, and Goodpasture's syndrome. Vasculitis, including fatal renal vasculitis, allergic alveolitis, obliterative bronchiolitis, interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis, and bronchial asthma also has been reported.
Please click here to see full Prescribing Information for Cuprimine capsules.