简介:
近日,美国药物食品管理局批准其Syndros口服溶液。Syndros口服溶液是一种受管制的大麻屈大麻酚口服液,主要作用因子是四氢大麻醇。Syndros口服溶液用于治疗艾滋病患者因厌食症导致的体重减轻,和因癌症化疗引起的头晕恶心。
批准日期:2016年7月13日 公司:Insys Therapeutics, Inc
SYNDROS(屈大麻酚 dronabinol)口服液,CII
最初的美国批准:1985年
作用机制
Dronabinol是一种口服活性大麻素,对中枢神经系统有复杂影响,包括中枢拟交感神经活动。 已经在神经组织中发现了大麻素受体。 这些受体可能在介导屈大麻酚的作用中发挥作用。
适应症和用法
SYNDROS是成人用于治疗以下症状的大麻素:
厌食症与艾滋病患者体重减轻有关。
与传统止吐治疗无效的患者的癌症化疗相关的恶心和呕吐。
剂量和给药
行政:
始终使用随附的校准口服剂量注射器。
校准的口服注射器测量的最大SYNDROS剂量为5mg。如果处方剂量大于5mg,则需要使用口腔注射器将总剂量分开并分成两部分或更多部分。
用一整杯水(6到8盎司)服用SYNDROS。
厌食症与成人艾滋病患者体重减轻相关:
建议的起始剂量是每天两次口服2.1毫克,午餐和晚餐前一小时。
查看剂量滴定的完整处方信息,以控制不良反应并达到理想的治疗效果。
常规止吐药失败的成人患者的恶心和呕吐与化疗相关:
推荐的起始剂量为4.2 mg / m2,在化疗前1至3小时给药,然后在化疗后每2至4小时给药,每天总共4至6剂。在进食前至少30分钟空腹服用第一剂;可以在不考虑进餐的情况下服用后续剂量。
查看剂量滴定的完整处方信息,以控制不良反应并达到理想的治疗效果。
剂量形式和强度
口服溶液:5mg/mL
禁忌症
耐心:
对屈大麻酚或酒精敏感。
有对酒精过敏反应的病史。
在过去14天内接受或已接受含有双硫仑或甲硝唑的产品的人士。
警告和注意事项
神经精神不良反应:可能导致精神和认知影响,并损害心理和/或身体能力。避免用于有精神病史的患者。监测症状并避免同时使用具有类似效果的药物。告知患者在合理确定SYNDROS不会对他们产生不利影响之前不要操作机动车辆或其他危险机械。
血流动力学不稳定:心脏疾病患者可能出现低血压,高血压,晕厥或心动过速。避免同时使用具有类似效果的药物,并在开始或增加SYNDROS剂量后监测血液动力学变化。
与双硫仑和甲硝唑的相互作用:可能引起双硫仑样反应。至少在14天前停用含有双硫仑或甲硝唑的产品,并且在用SYNDROS治疗后7天不给药。
癫痫发作和类似癫痫发作的活动:在对有癫痫病史的患者开具SYNDROS之前,权衡潜在的风险与益处,包括那些需要抗癫痫药物或其他降低癫痫发作阈值的因素。监测患者a
不良反应
最常见的不良反应(≥3%)是:腹痛,头晕,欣快感,恶心,偏执反应,嗜睡,思维异常和呕吐。
要报告疑似不良反应,请致电1-855-978-2797联系Insys Therapeutics,Inc。或通过MedWatch电话1-88-FDA-1088或www.fda.gov/medwatch联系FDA。
药物相互作用
CYP2C9和CYP3A4的抑制剂和诱导剂:可能改变屈大麻酚的全身暴露;监测屈大麻酚相关的不良反应或功效丧失。
高度蛋白质结合的药物:从血浆蛋白中置换其他药物的可能性;当开始或增加SYNDROS的剂量时,监测伴随的狭窄治疗指数药物(例如,华法林,环孢菌素或两性霉素B)的不良反应。
用于特定人群
怀孕:可能导致胎儿伤害。
哺乳期:建议不接受母乳喂养的艾滋病病毒感染妇女和与癌症化疗相关的恶心和呕吐的妇女在接受SYNDROS治疗期间以及最后一次给药后9天不进行母乳喂养。
老年人使用:老年患者可能对神经精神和姿势性降压效应更敏感。考虑老年患者的起始剂量较低。
如何提供/存储和处理
SYNDROS(屈大麻酚)口服液,5 mg/mL是澄清的淡黄色至棕色溶液。 SYNDROS以多剂量,透明,琥珀色30毫升玻璃瓶供应。 它采用20毫米儿童防护,白色聚丙烯螺旋盖和特氟龙涂层衬里封闭。 瓶子用聚氯乙烯身体带包裹,以提供篡改证据,并用口腔注射器和推入式瓶适配器包装在纸箱中。
NDC 20482-335-30(30 mL多剂量瓶,口服注射器和推入式瓶适配器)
储存在2°C至8°C(36°F至46°F)的冰箱中; 允许的温度高达25°C(77°F)。 打开的瓶子可以在25°C(77°F)下储存。 首次打开后42天丢弃未使用的部分[请参阅USP受控室温]。
将SYNDROS口服液和口服注射器放在随附的纸箱中。
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=c2bc83c1-f9fe-11e2-b778-0800200c9a66
FDA Approves Dronabinol Solution to Treat CINV
A dronabinol oral solution (Syndros) has been approved by the FDA as a treatment for patients with chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in those who have not responded to conventional antiemetic therapies, according to an announcement by Insys Therapeutics, Inc., the manufacturer of the drug.
The company estimates that the new oral solution formulation, which is a liquid version of Marinol (dronabinol) soft gel capsules and contains tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary active compound in cannabis, will be available in the second half of 2016. Marinol is developed by AbbVie.
“Syndros is the first and only FDA-approved dronabinol solution for oral use. It is a liquid that is easy to swallow and allows for the dosage to be titrated to clinical effect,” John N. Kapoor, PhD, chairman, CEO and president of Insys, said in a statement, adding that, “once Syndros has been opened, it does not need to be refrigerated for 28 days.”
The approval of dronabinol oral solution was based on a phase I trial looking at the bioequivalence and pharmacokinetics of the drug compared with Marinol.1,2 In the study, over 50 healthy volunteers received both the new oral formulation and capsules in different sequences. The effects of food and fasting on both formulations were analyzed.
The two formulations were determined to be bioequivalent in several areas among patients receiving the agent after fasting overnight. Detectable plasma dronabinol levels were seen after 15 minutes in 100% of patients receiving the oral formulation compared with less than 25% of patients receiving the capsule formulation. Further, variability among patients was lower (13.5%) with the oral formulation compared with capsules (36.8%).
Among patients who had eaten, initial dronabinol absorption was also more rapid with the oral solution (9 minutes) compared with capsules (about 2 hours). After 30 minutes, 100% of individuals receiving the liquid formulation had detectable plasma dronabinol levels, compared with 15% of those receiving the capsule formulation.
These trial findings were reported at the 2016 ASCO Annual Meeting, and the researchers noted that the new oral solution “may provide a more flexible administration option as well as a more rapid absorption and lower intra-patient variability compared with the capsule formulation.”
According to the company’s press release following Syndros’ approval, the agent “may cause psychiatric and cognitive effects and impair mental and/or physical abilities. Patients with cardiac disorders may experience hypotension, hypertension, syncope or tachycardia.”
Further, this safety information states that physicians should assess patients for risk of abuse or misuse in patients with a history of substance abuse or dependence.
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