ere excluded from studies with the dual combination of dolutegravir and rilpivirine.
Pregnancy and postpartum
No pharmacokinetic data are available for the combination of dolutegravir and rilpivirine in pregnancy. In limited data from small numbers of women in study IMPAACT P1026 who received dolutegravir 50 mg once daily during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, mean intra-individual values for total dolutegravir Cmax, AUC24h and C24h values were, respectively, 26%, 37% and 51% lower as compared to postpartum; during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, Cmax, AUC24h and Cmin values were, respectively, 25%, 29% and 34% lower as compared to postpartum (see sections 4.2, 4.4. and 4.6).
In women receiving rilpivirine 25 mg once daily during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, mean intra-individual values for total rilpivirine Cmax, AUC24h and Cmin values were, respectively, 21%, 29% and 35% lower as compared to postpartum; during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, Cmax, AUC24h and Cmin values were, respectively, 20%, 31% and 42% lower as compared to postpartum (see sections 4.2, 4.4. and 4.6).
5.3 Preclinical safety data
Carcinogenesis and mutagenesis
Dolutegravir was not mutagenic or clastogenic using in vitro tests in bacteria and cultured mammalian cells, and an in vivo rodent micronucleus assay. Dolutegravir was not carcinogenic in long term studies in the mouse and rat.
Rilpivirine has tested negative in the absence and presence of a metabolic activation system in the in vitro Ames reverse mutation assay and the in vitro clastogenicity mouse lymphoma assay. Rilpivirine did not induce chromosomal damage in the in vivo micronucleus test in mice. Carcinogenicity studies with rilpivirine in mice and rats revealed tumorigenic potential specific for these species, but are regarded as of no relevance for humans.
Reproductive toxicology studies
Dolutegravir did not affect male or female fertility in rats at doses up to 1000 mg/kg/day, the highest dose tested (33 times the 50 mg human clinical exposure based on AUC).
Oral administration of dolutegravir to pregnant rats at doses up to 1000 mg/kg daily from days 6 to 17 of gestation did not elicit maternal toxicity, developmental toxicity or teratogenicity (38 times the 50 mg human clinical exposure based on AUC).
Oral administration of dolutegravir to pregnant rabbits at doses up to 1000 mg/kg daily from days 6 to 18 of gestation did not elicit developmental toxicity or teratogenicity (0.56 times the 50 mg human clinical exposure based on AUC). In rabbits, maternal toxicity (decreased food consumption, scant/no faeces/urine, suppressed body weight gain) was observed at 1000 mg/kg (0.56 times the 50 mg human clinical exposure based on AUC).
Rilpivirine studies in animals have shown no evidence of relevant embryonic or foetal toxicity or an effect on reproductive function. There was no teratogenicity with rilpivirine in rats and rabbits. The exposures at the embryo-foetal No Observed Adverse Effects Levels (NOAELs) in rats and rabbits were respectively 15 and 70 times higher than the exposure in humans at the recommended dose of 25 mg once daily.
Repeated dose toxicity
The effect of prolonged daily treatment with high doses of dolutegravir has been eva luated in repeat oral dose toxicity studies in rats (up to 26 weeks) and in monkeys (up to 38 weeks). The primary effect of dolutegravir was gastrointestinal intolerance or irritation in rats and monkeys at doses that produce systemic exposures approximately 30 and 1.2 times the 50 mg hu |
