levant effect of age on dolutegravir or rilpivirine exposures. Pharmacokinetic data in subjects >65 years old are very limited.
Renal impairment
Renal clearance of unchanged active substance is a minor pathway of elimination for dolutegravir. A study of the pharmacokinetics of dolutegravir was performed in subjects with severe renal impairment (CLcr <30 mL/min) and matched healthy controls. The exposure to dolutegravir was decreased by approximately 40% in subjects with severe renal impairment. The mechanism for the decrease is unknown. The pharmacokinetics of rilpivirine have not been studied in patients with renal insufficiency.
Renal elimination of rilpivirine is negligible. No dose adjustment is needed for patients with mild or moderate renal impairment. In patients with severe renal impairment or end-stage renal disease, Juluca should be used with caution, as rilpivirine plasma concentrations may be increased due to alteration of drug absorption, distribution and/or metabolism secondary to renal dysfunction. In patients with severe renal impairment or end-stage renal disease, the combination of Juluca with a strong CYP3A inhibitor should only be used if the benefit outweighs the risk. Juluca has not been studied in patients on dialysis. As dolutegravir and rilpivirine are highly bound to plasma proteins, it is unlikely that they will be significantly removed by haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis (see section 4.2).
Hepatic impairment
Dolutegravir and rilpivirine are both primarily metabolized and eliminated by the liver. A single dose of 50 mg of dolutegravir was administered to 8 subjects with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh score B) and to 8 matched healthy adult controls. While the total dolutegravir concentration in plasma was similar, a 1.5- to 2-fold increase in unbound exposure to dolutegravir was observed in subjects with moderate hepatic impairment compared to healthy controls.
In a rilpivirine study comparing 8 patients with mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh score A) to 8 matched controls, and 8 patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh score B) to 8 matched controls, the multiple dose exposure of rilpivirine was 47% higher in patients with mild hepatic impairment and 5% higher in patients with moderate hepatic impairment. However, it may not be excluded that the pharmacologically active, unbound, rilpivirine exposure is significantly increased in moderate hepatic impairment.
No dosage adjustment is considered necessary for patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh score A or B). Juluca should be used with caution in patients with moderate hepatic impairment. The effect of severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh score C) on the pharmacokinetics of dolutegravir or rilpivirine has not been studied, therefore Juluca is not recommended in these patients.
Gender
Population pharmacokinetic analyses from studies with the individual components revealed that gender had no clinically relevant effect on the pharmacokinetics of dolutegravir or rilpivirine.
Race
No clinically important pharmacokinetic differences of dolutegravir or rilpivirine due to race have been identified.
Co-infection with Hepatitis B or C
Population pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that hepatitis C virus co-infection had no clinically relevant effect on the exposure to dolutegravir or rilpivirine. Subjects with hepatitis B co-infection or hepatitis C infection in need of anti-HCV therapy w |
