部份中文盐酸坦索罗辛处方资料（仅供参考）
英文名：tamsulosin hydrochloride
商品名：Flomaxtra XL
中文名：盐酸坦索罗辛
剂型及规格：
缓释片0.2mg
药理毒理
药理作用：盐酸坦索罗辛能阻断尿道以及前列腺部的α1受体，降低尿道内压曲线的前列腺部压力，从而改善前列腺增生症引起的膀胱出口梗阻。
毒理研究：
生殖毒性：在生育力与早期胚胎发育毒性试验中，雄性大鼠经口给予盐酸坦索罗辛剂量高于300 mg/kg、雌性动物给药高于100mg/kg，可见对生育力的影响。胚胎-胎仔生殖毒性试验未见对子代生长发育的明显影响。围产期生殖毒性试验，剂量高于300mg/kg可见对出生率的影响。
适应症
用于治疗前列腺增生所致的排尿障碍。
用法用量
成人每日1次，每次1粒或2粒（0.2或0.4mg），根据年龄、症状的不同可适当调整。
禁忌
对本品成份有过敏史的患者。
慎重给药（下述患者应慎重给药）：有体位性低血压的患者（有加重症状的风险）；
有严重肝功能障碍的患者（有血药浓度升高的风险）；
有严重肾功能障碍的患者；
高龄患者；
正在服用磷酸二酯酶-5抑制剂的患者。
Flomaxtra XL, 400 micrograms, film-coated prolonged release tablet
1. Name of the medicinal product
Flomaxtra XL, 400 micrograms, film-coated prolonged-release tablet
2. Qualitative and quantitative composition
Each tablet contains as active ingredient tamsulosin hydrochloride 400 micrograms, equivalent to 367 micrograms tamsulosin.
For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
3. Pharmaceutical form
Film-coated prolonged-release tablet.
Approximately 9 mm, round, bi-convex, yellow, film-coated tablets debossed with the code '04'.
4. Clinical particulars
4.1 Therapeutic indications
Flomaxtra XL in indicated in adults for the treatment of functional symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
4.2 Posology and method of administration
Posology
One tablet daily, to be taken with or without food.
Paediatric Population
The safety and efficacy of tamsulosin in children <18 years have not been established. Currently available data are described in Section 5.1
Method of administration
For oral use.
The tablet should be swallowed whole and should not be crunched or chewed as this will interfere with the prolonged release of the active ingredient.
4.3 Contraindications
A history of orthostatic hypotension; severe hepatic insufficiency.
Hypersensitivity to the active substance, or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
As with other alpha1 blockers, a reduction in blood pressure can occur in individual cases during treatment with Flomaxtra XL, as a result of which, rarely, syncope can occur. At the first signs of orthostatic hypotension (dizziness, weakness), the patient should sit or lie down until the symptoms have disappeared.

Before therapy with Flomaxtra XL is initiated, the patient should be examined in order to exclude the presence of other conditions which can cause the same symptoms as benign prostatic hyperplasia. Digital rectal examination and, when necessary, determination of prostate specific antigen (PSA) should be performed before treatment and at regular intervals afterwards.
The treatment of severely renally impaired patients (creatinine clearance of less than 10 ml/min) should be approached with caution as these patients have not been studied.
The 'Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome' (IFIS, a variant of small pupil syndrome) has been observed during cataract and glaucoma surgery in some patients on or previously treated with tamsulosin hydrochloride. IFIS may increase the risk of eye complications during and after the operation.
Discontinuing tamsulosin hydrochloride 1-2 weeks prior to cataract or glaucoma surgery is anecdotally considered helpful, but the benefit of treatment discontinuation has not been established. IFIS has also been reported in patients who had discontinued tamsulosin for a longer period prior to the surgery.
The initiation of therapy with tamsulosin hydrochloride in patients for whom cataract or glaucoma surgery is scheduled is not recommended. During pre-operative assessment, surgeons and ophthalmic teams should consider whether patients scheduled for cataract or glaucoma surgery are being or have been treated with tamsulosin in order to ensure that appropriate measures will be in place to manage the IFIS during surgery.
Tamsulosin hydrochloride should not be given in combination with strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 (e.g. ketoconazole) in patients with poor metaboliser CYP2D6 phenotype.
Tamsulosin hydrochloride should be used with caution in combination with strong (e.g. ketoconazole) and moderate (e.g. erythromycin) inhibitors of CYP3A4 (see section 4.5).
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
No interactions have been seen when tamsulosin was given concomitantly with atenolol, enalapril, or theophylline. Concomitant cimetidine brings about a rise in plasma levels of tamsulosin, and furosemide a fall, but as levels remain within the normal range, posology need not be changed.
In vitro, neither diazepam nor propranolol, trichlormethiazide, chlormadinon, amitryptyline, diclofenac, glibenclamide, simvastatin and warfarin change the free fraction of tamsulosin in human plasma. Neither does tamsulosin change the free fractions of diazepam, propranolol, trichlormethiazide, and chlormadinon.
Diclofenac and warfarin, however, may increase the elimination rate of tamsulosin.
Concomitant administration of tamsulosin hydrochloride with strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 may lead to increased exposure to tamsulosin hydrochloride. Concomitant administration with ketoconazole (a known strong CYP3A4 inhibitor) resulted in an increase in AUC and Cmax of tamsulosin hydrochloride by a factor of 2.8 and 2.2, respectively.
Tamsulosin hydrochloride should not be given in combination with strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 (e.g. ketoconazole) in patients with poor metaboliser CYP2D6 phenotype.
Tamsulosin hydrochloride should be used with caution in combination with strong (e.g. ketoconazole) and moderate inhibitors (e.g. erythromycin) of CYP3A4.
Concomitant administration of tamsulosin hydrochloride with paroxetine, a strong inhibitor of CYP2D6, resulted in a Cmax and AUC of tamsulosin that had increased by a factor of 1.3 and 1.6, respectively, but these increases are not considered clinically relevant.
There is a theoretical risk of enhanced hypotensive effect when given concurrently with drugs which may reduce blood pressure, including anaesthetic agents and other α1-adrenoceptor antagonists.
4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
Flomaxtra XL is not indicated for use in women.
Ejaculation disorders have been observed in short and long term clinical studies with tamsulosin. Events of ejaculation disorder, retrograde ejaculation and ejaculation failure have been reported in the post authorisation phase.
4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
No data is available on whether Flomaxtra XL adversely affects the ability to drive or operate machines. However, in this respect patients should be aware of the fact that drowsiness, blurred vision, dizziness and syncope can occur.
4.8 Undesirable effects
Tabulated list of adverse reactions
observed post-marketing
As with other alpha-blockers, drowsiness, blurred vision or oedema can occur.
During cataract and glaucoma surgery a small pupil situation, known as Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome (IFIS), has been associated with therapy of tamsulosin during post-marketing surveillance (see also section 4.4).
Post-marketing experience: In addition to the adverse events listed above, atrial fibrillation, arrhythmia, tachycardia and dyspnoea have been reported in association with tamsulosin use. Because these spontaneously reported events are from the worldwide post marketing experience, the frequency of events and the role of tamsulosin in their causation cannot be reliably determined.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme at: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard
4.9 Overdose
Symptoms
Overdosage with tamsulosin hydrochloride can potentially result in severe hypotensive effects, dizziness and malaise. Severe hypotensive effects have been observed at different levels of overdosing.
Treatment
In case of acute hypotension occurring after overdose, cardiovascular support should be given. Blood pressure can be restored and heart rate brought back to normal by lying the patient down. If this does not help, then volume expanders, and when necessary, vasopressors could be employed. Renal function should be monitored and general supportive measures applied. Dialysis is unlikely to be of help, as tamsulosin is very highly bound to plasma proteins.
Measures, such as emesis, can be taken to impede absorption. When large quantities are involved, gastric lavage can be applied and activated charcoal and an osmotic laxative, such as sodium sulfate, can be administered.
5. Pharmacological properties
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist.
ATC code: G04C A02. Preparations for the exclusive treatment of prostatic disease.
Mechanism of action:
Tamsulosin binds selectively and competitively to postsynaptic alpha1-receptors, in particular to the subtype alpha1A, which bring about relaxation of the smooth muscle of the prostate, whereby tension is reduced.
Pharmacodynamic effects:
Flomaxtra XL increases maximum urinary flow rate by reducing smooth muscle tension in the prostate and urethra, thereby relieving obstruction.
It also improves the complex of irritative and obstructive symptoms in which bladder instability and tension of the smooth muscles of the lower urinary tract play an important role. Alpha1-blockers can reduce blood pressure by lowering peripheral resistance. No reduction in blood pressure of any clinical significance was observed during studies with Flomaxtra XL.
Paediatric Population
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose ranging study was performed in children with neuropathic bladder. A total of 161 children (with an age of 2 to 16 years) were randomized and treated at 1 of 3 dose levels of tamsulosin (low [0.001 to 0.002 mg/kg], medium [0.002 to 0.004 mg/kg], and high [0.004 to 0.008 mg/kg]), or placebo. The primary endpoint was number of patients who decreased their detrusor leak point pressure (LPP) to <40 cm H2O based upon two eva luations on the same day. Secondary endpoints were: Actual and percent change from baseline in detrusor leak point pressure, improvement or stabilization of hydronephrosis and hydroureter and change in urine volumes obtained by catheterisation and number of times wet at time of catheterisation as recorded in catheterisation diaries. No statistically significant difference was found between the placebo group and any of the 3 tamsulosin dose groups for either the primary or any secondary endpoints. No dose response was observed for any dose level.
5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Absorption
Flomaxtra XL is formulated as an Oral Controlled Absorption System (OCAS) and is a prolonged release tablet of the non-ionic gel matrix type.
Tamsulosin hydrochloride administered as prolonged release tablets is absorbed from the intestine. Under fasting conditions approximately 57% of the administered dose is estimated to be absorbed. A consistent slow release of tamsulosin is maintained over the whole pH range encountered in the gastro-intestinal tract with little fluctuation over 24 hours. The extent of absorption is increased by 64% and 149% (AUC and Cmax respectively) by a high fat meal compared to fasted.
After a single dose of Flomaxtra XL in the fasted state, plasma levels of tamsulosin peak at a median time of 6 hours. In steady state, which is reached by day 4 of multiple dosing, plasma levels of tamsulosin peak at 4 to 6 hours in the fasted and fed state. Peak plasma levels increase from approximately 6 ng/ml after the first dose to 11 ng/ml in steady state.
As a result of the prolonged release characteristics of Flomaxtra XL, the trough concentration of tamsulosin in plasma amounts to 40% of the peak plasma concentration under fasted and fed conditions.
There is a considerable inter-patient variation in plasma levels, both after single and multiple dosing.
Distribution
In man, tamsulosin is about 99% bound to plasma proteins and volume of distribution is small (about 0.2 l/kg).
Metabolism
Tamsulosin has a low first pass effect, being metabolised slowly. Most tamsulosin is present in plasma in the form of unchanged drug. It is metabolised in the liver.
In rats, hardly any induction of microsomal liver enzymes was seen to be caused by tamsulosin.
In vitro results suggest that CYP3A4 and also CYP2D6 are involved in metabolism, with possible minor contributions to tamsulosin hydrochloride metabolism by other CYP isozymes. Inhibition of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 drug metabolizing enzymes may lead to increased exposure to tamsulosin hydrochloride (see Section 4.4 and 4.5).
No dose adjustment is warranted in hepatic insufficiency.
None of the metabolites are more active than the original compound.
Elimination
Tamsulosin and its metabolites are mainly excreted in the urine. The amount excreted as unchanged drug is estimated to be about 4 - 6% of the dose, administered as Flomaxtra XL.
After a single dose of Flomaxtra XL, and in steady state, elimination half-lives of about 19 and 15 hours, respectively, have been measured.
No dose adjustment is necessary in patients with renal impairment.
Linearity/non-linearity
Tamsulosin shows linear kinetics.
5.3 Preclinical safety data
Single and repeat dose toxicity studies were performed in mice, rats and dogs. In addition, reproduction toxicity studies were performed in rats, carcinogenicity in mice and rats, and in vivo and in vitro genotoxicity were examined. The general toxicity profile, as seen with high doses of tamsulosin, is consistent with the known pharmacological actions of the alpha-adrenergic blocking agents. At very high dose levels, the ECG was altered in dogs. This response is considered to be not clinically relevant. Tamsulosin showed no relevant genotoxic properties.
Increased incidences of proliferative changes of mammary glands of female rats and mice have been reported. These findings, which are probably mediated by hyperprolactinaemia and only occurred at high dose levels, are regarded as irrelevant.
6. Pharmaceutical particulars
6.1 List of excipients
Core
Macrogol (containing butylhydroxytoluene)
Manesium stearate
Film-coat
Hypromellose
Macrogol
Yellow iron oxide (E172)
6.2 Incompatibilities
None known.
6.3 Shelf life
3 years.
6.4 Special precautions for storage
There are no special storage instructions.
6.5 Nature and contents of container
Aluminium foil blister packs containing 30 tablets.
6.6 Special precautions for disposal and other handling
No special requirements.
7. Marketing authorisation holder
Astellas Pharma Ltd.
2000 Hillswood Drive
Chertsey
Surrey
KT16 0RS
United Kingdom
8. Marketing authorisation number(s)
PL 00166/ 0199
9. Date of first authorisation/renewal of the authorisation
Date of first authorisation: 11 July 2005
Date of latest renewal: 07 April 2009
10. Date of revision of the text
24 April 2015