部份中文头孢曲松钠处方资料（仅供参考）
英文名称：CEFTRIAXONE SODIUM
商品名称：ROCEPHIN
中文名称：罗氏芬(头孢曲松钠)
化学名称：5-Thia-1-azabicyclo[4,2,0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 7-[[(2Z)-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-[[(1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)thio]methyl-, disodium salt, 3.5 hydrate,(6R,7R)-
开发单位：Hoffmann-LaRoche (瑞士)
首次上市：1982年，瑞士
类别：抗感染药
产品说明：
【别   名】头孢三嗪，头孢嗪克松，头孢氨噻三嗪,罗氏芬，Rocephin, Monocid, Acantex, Rocefin, R139-904
【外 文 名】头孢曲松，头孢曲松钠，Rocekin，Rocephin，RO 13-9904
【药理作用】该产品是广谱的第三代头孢菌素，抗菌谱与头孢噻肟相似，通过抑制细菌细胞壁的合成而具有杀菌活性，对广泛的革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌发挥杀菌作用。对革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌产生的大多数b-内醯胺酶（青霉素酶和头孢菌素酶）具有很高的稳定性，头孢曲松的半衰期长达8小时，具有24小时的杀菌活性，对组织穿透力强; 50-60％的头孢曲松以原形经肾排泄，40-50％以原形经肝脏排泄。
【适 应 症】该产品适用于呼吸道感染，尤其是肺炎，耳鼻喉感染，肾脏及泌尿道感染，败血症，脑膜炎，免疫机制低下病人的感染，骨，关节，软组织，皮肤和伤口感染，腹部感染（包括腹膜炎，胆道和胃肠感染），播散性莱姆病，手术前预防感染及生殖系统感染（包括淋病）
【禁 忌 症】对于已知对头孢菌素类抗生素过敏的病人是禁用的。
【副 作 用】全身性副作用：胃肠道不适 - 稀便或腹泻，恶心，呕吐，胃炎，舌炎血液学改变 - 嗜酸细胞增多，白细胞减少，粒细胞减少，溶血性贫血，血小板减少皮肤反应 - 皮疹，过敏性皮炎，荨麻疹，水肿，多形红斑，瘙痒等。
局部副作用：极少情况下，静脉用药后发生静脉炎，缓慢注射（2-4分钟）则可避免该现象。
【用法用量】
不同年龄的人，使用的剂量也不同。
成人和12岁以上儿童：
通常剂量是1-2克，每天一次（每24小时）。危重病例或由中度敏感菌引起的感染，剂量可增至4克，每天一次。
新生儿（14天以下）：
每天剂量为按体重20－50mg/Kg，不超过50mg/Kg。无需区分早产儿及足月婴儿。
婴儿及儿童（15天至12岁）：
每天剂量按体重20-80mg/kg，对儿童脑膜炎推荐每天100mg/kg（不超过4g）
使用方法有三种：
肌肉注射：
罗氏芬250mg或500mg溶于1％利多卡因溶液2ml中，1g溶于3.5ml中用于臀部深注射，不主张一处肌注1g以上剂量，利多卡因溶液绝对不能用于静脉注射。
静脉注射：
罗氏芬250mg 或500mg 溶于5ml无菌注射用水中，1g溶于10ml中用于静脉注射，注射时间不能少于2-4分钟。
静脉滴注：
罗氏芬2g溶于40ml以下任何一种不含钙的溶液：0.9%氯化钠溶液，5%葡萄糖溶液，0.45%氯化钠＋2.5%葡萄糖溶液，无菌注射用水等，滴注时间至少30分钟。
【规    格】该产品的全球包装有两种方式：
供肌肉注射：
1瓶内所含的干燥物质相当于250mg，500mg，或1g头孢曲松。 1安瓿含1％盐酸利多卡因溶液2ml或3.5ml。
供静脉注射：
1瓶内所含的干燥物质相当于250mg，500mg，或1g头孢曲松。 1安瓿含无菌注射用水5ml 或10ml。
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ROCEPHIN VL 1GM 15ML CEFTRIAXONE SODIUM  GENENTECH USA ROCHE  00004-1964-04
ROCEPHIN VL 1GM 15ML 10 CEFTRIAXONE SODIUM  GENENTECH USA ROCHE  00004-1964-01
ROCEPHIN 1GM SDV PWD 1/EA  CEFTRIAXONE SODIUM     00004-1964-04            
ROCEPHIN VL 1GM 50ML DS 24  CEFTRIAXONE NA/DEXTROSE ISO  BAXTER MD  00004-2002-78
ROCEPHIN VL 2GM 50ML DS 24  CEFTRIAXONE NA/DEXTROSE ISO  BAXTER MD  00004-2003-78
完整资料附件：https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=33529EDE-844C-4DCF-9FC4-93962535981A
Generic Name: Ceftriaxone sodium
Product Name: Rocephin
Indication
Ceftriaxone is used to treat the following serious infections when they are caused by susceptible organisms (see Action for a full list):
– lower respiratory tract infection
– skin and skin structure infections
– urinary tract infections, uncomplicated and complicated
– uncomplicated gonorrhoea
– bacterial blood infection (sepsis)
– bone infections
– joint infections
– meningitis
Ceftriaxone can also be used in the prevention of infection during surgery such a vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy, gall bladder removal, contaminated surgical procedures (eg: bowel surgery) and coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
As with the treatment of all infections, culture and sensitivity studies should be undertaken before institution of treatment if possible.
Action
Ceftriaxone is a broad spectrum antibiotic from the cephalosporin family. It is a known as a third generation cephalosporin, and is active against a number of bacteria not killed by first or second generation cephalosporins. Ceftriaxone kills bacteria by interfering with production of proteins important for their cell walls. It is active against a number of important and well-known organisms including:
– Staphylococcus aureus (but not MRSA)
– E. coli
– Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
– N. gonorrhoeae (cause of gonorrhoea)
Ceftriaxone also kills some important causative organisms of respiratory tract infections, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Some strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the bug that causes dangerous hospital infections, are also killed. A number of other bacteria responsible for a wide range of infections are also susceptible to Ceftriaxone.
Dose advice
Rocephin may be administered intravenously or intramuscularly.
Adults
– recommended daily dose is 1-2g once a day or in equally divided doses twice a day
– dose is determined based on severity of infection
Uncomplicated gonorrhoea
– single IM dose of 250mg
Surgical prophylaxis
– single dose of 1g should be administered ¨ö to 2 hours before surgery
Children
– 50-75mg/kg/day as one dose or divided doses
– dose not to exceed 2g/day
– dose should be divided and given every 12 hours in meningitis
Duration of therapy
– in general, therapy should be continued for at least two days after the symptoms of the infection have disappeared
– usual duration is 4-14 days
– treatment may be much longer for certain infections, eg: bone infection
– prolonged therapy increases risk of adverse effects
– infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes should be treated for no less than 10 days
Renal impairment
– plasma levels should be monitored in patients with impaired renal and hepatic function, and patients with severe renal impairment
– serum levels should not exceed 280mcg/ml
Administration
– all prepared solutions should be used as soon as possible and retain their efficacy for six hours at room temperature
Intramuscular injection
– dissolve 250mg or 500mg in 2ml, or 1g in 3.5ml, of lignocaine 1% solution
– administer by deep intragluteal injection
– no more than 1g should be injected on each side
– injection without lignocaine is painful
– lignocaine solution should never be injected intravenously
Intravenous injection
– dissolve 250mg or 500mg in 5ml, or 1g in 10ml, of water for injections
– administer by direct intravenous injection over 2-4 minutes
Intravenous infusion
– dissolve 2g in 400ml of any IV fluid NOT containing calcium
– administer by infusion over at least 30 minutes
Schedule
S4
Common side effects
Ceftriaxone is generally well tolerated. The following effects are experienced relatively commonly:
– diarrhoea
– nausea
– rash
– electrolyte disturbances
– pain and inflammation at injection site
Uncommon side effects
The following effects occur less often:
– vomiting
– headache
– dizziness
– oral and vaginal thrush
– severe diarrhoea (pseudomembranous colitis)
Allergic reaction is uncommon but the symptoms are important to know and should be reported to your doctor:
– hives
– itching
– swelling
– trouble breathing
– wheezing
– widespread purple rash