药品名称：头孢泊肟酯 
英文名称：Cefpodoxime Proxetil
类别：四代头孢
制剂：本品为浅橙色的薄膜包衣片。
分子式成分：头孢泊肟酯的化学名为(±)-1-羟乙基(+)-(6R，7R)-7-[2-(2-氨基-4-噻唑基)乙醛酰胺基]-3-(甲氧甲基)-8-氧代-5-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[4.2.0]辛-2-烯-2-羧酸酯，72-(Z)-(0-甲基肟)异丙基碳酸酯。分子式为C21H27N5O9S2，分子量为557.6。
药理毒理：
本品供口服，由肠道酯酶水解，释放出头孢泊肟(Cefpodoxime)而发挥抗菌活性、对链球菌、肺炎球菌、大肠杆菌、克雷白菌、变形杆菌及流感杆菌等均有良好抗菌作用。本品为口服用广谱第三代头孢菌素，是头孢泊肟的前体药物。本品口服后被肠道吸收，经肠壁酯酶水解产生具抗菌活性的头孢泊肟。头孢泊肟的抗菌作用是通过抑制细菌细胞壁系统的膜界转肽酶，使形成交叉联结的转肽作用不能进行，细菌细胞壁粘肽合成受阻，造成细胞壁缺损，细菌细胞失去保护屏障，使细菌肿胀、变形、破裂而死亡。头孢泊肟对β-内酰胺酶有良好的稳定性，因而对许多耐氨苄青霉素或耐羟氨苄青霉素的菌株均有效。体外抑菌试验表明，头孢泊肟对下列细菌有效：革兰氏阴性菌需氧菌：流感嗜血杆菌（包括耐氨苄青霉素或耐羟氨苄青霉素的菌株）、副流感嗜血杆菌、卡他莫拉菌属、脑膜炎奈瑟菌、大肠杆菌、克雷伯杆菌、淋病双球菌、普通变形杆菌、雷特格氏变形杆菌属、枸櫞酸菌属。革兰氏阳性菌需氧菌：葡萄球菌属、肺炎链球菌、化脓链球菌、无乳链球菌、小链球菌、血链球菌和唾液链球菌等链球菌属致病菌、白喉杆菌。其活性优于其它β-内酰胺抗生素，头孢泊肟显示与机体防御机构相协调的杀菌作用，对β-内酰胺酶产生株也显示很强的抗菌力。厌氧菌：对革兰氏阳性厌氧菌敏感，而对革兰氏阴性厌氧菌如脆弱拟杆菌其最低抑菌浓度为3.13-200μg/mL。　　本品对绿脓杆菌、大多数假单胞菌属和肠杆菌属无抗菌活性。 
适应症：
用于敏感菌所致的肺炎、急性支气管炎、咽喉炎、扁桃腺炎、肾盂肾炎、膀胱炎、淋病性尿道炎及皮肤软组织感染等。 
不良反应：
主要为过敏反应，有皮疹、荨麻疹、瘙痒、嗳气及消化道反应等。胃肠道反应：有时出现恶心、呕吐、腹泻、软便、胃痛、腹痛、食欲不振或胃部不适感，偶见便秘。过敏症：如出现皮疹、荨麻疹、红斑、瘙痒、发热、淋巴结肿胀或关节痛时应停药并适当处理。血液：有时出现嗜酸粒细胞增多、血小板减少，偶见粒细胞减少。肝脏：有时出现S-GOT、S-GPT、Al-P、LDH上升。肾脏：有时出现BUN、血中肌酐上升。菌群交替症：偶见口腔炎、念珠菌症。维生素缺乏症：偶见维生素K缺乏症状(低凝血酶原血症、出血倾向等)、维生素B群缺乏症状(舌炎、口腔炎、食欲不振、神经炎等)。其他：偶见眩晕、头痛、浮肿。
相互作用：
抗酸剂或H2受体拮抗剂可减少其吸收并降低其血药浓度峰值 ；丙磺舒可升高其血浆浓度水平。 
用法用量：
剂量，成人100mg(效价)/次，2次/日，饭后服。成人- 上呼吸道感染包括急性中耳炎、鼻窦炎、扁桃体炎和咽喉炎等：100mg，一日二次，疗程5-10天 ；-下呼吸道感染：慢性支气管炎急性发作：200 mg，一日二次，疗程10天；-急性社区获得性肺炎：200 mg，一日二次，疗程14天 ；-单纯性泌尿道感染：100 mg，一日二次，疗程7天 ；-急性单纯性淋病：单剂200 mg ；-皮肤和皮肤软组织感染　：400　mg，一日二次，疗程7-14天。儿童- 急性中耳炎：10mg/kg一日一次，或5 mg/kg一日二次（每日最大剂量不超过400
mg一日一次，或200mg一日二次），疗程10天。-扁桃体炎、鼻窦炎：10 mg/kg /天（最大剂量不超过200mg/天，分2次服用），疗程5-10天。用药过量：未有药物过量报道。药物过量可能有以下症状：恶心，呕吐，腹泻，上腹不适。由药物过量引起的严重毒性反应，肾功能许可的情况下，可用血透和腹膜透析以降低体内头孢泊肟的血清浓度。用药须知本品宜饭后服用。
注意事项：
对青霉素过敏者慎用。被诊断为伪膜结肠炎的腹泻患者，过敏体质的患者，以及应用利尿剂的病人慎用。与其它抗生素一样，长期使用头孢泊肟脂可能会引致非敏感微生物（例如念珠菌，肠球菌，艰难梭状芽胞杆菌）过度生长，因而可能需要中断治疗。曾有因使用抗生素而出现伪膜结肠炎的报告，因而在使用抗生素期间或之后发生严重腹泻的病人应考虑这种诊断的可能。已知头孢菌素类药物可引起Coombs直接反应阳性。
Description
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of VANTIN and other antibacterial drugs, VANTIN (Cefpodoxime) should be used only to treat or preventinfections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria.
For Oral Use Only
VANTIN (Cefpodoxime) is in a group of drugs called cephalosporin(SEF a low spor in) antibiotics. It works by fighting bacteria in your body.
Cefpodoxime is used to treat many different types of infections caused by bacteria.
Cefpodoxime may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Cefpodoxime proxetil is an orally administered, extended spectrum, semi-synthetic antibiotic of the cephalosporin class. The chemical name is (RS)-1(isopropoxycarbonyloxy)ethyl(+)-(6R,7R)-7-[2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-{(Z)methoxyimino}acetamido]-3-methoxymethyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene- 2-carboxylate.
The molecular weight of cefpodoxime proxetil is 557,6.
Cefpodoxime proxetil is a prodrug; its active metabolite is cefpodoxime. All doses ofcefpodoxime proxetil in this insert are expressed in terms of the active cefpodoximemoiety.
The drug is supplied both as film-coated tablets and as flavored granules for oralsuspension.
Before using Vantin
Tell your health care provider if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you: if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances if you have diarrhea, a stomach or intestinal infection, or a blood clotting problem if you have had a severe allergic reaction (eg, severe rash, hives, difficulty breathing, dizziness) to a penicillin antibiotic (eg, amoxicillin) or other beta-lactam antibiotic (eg, imipenem)Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Vantin .
Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following: Aminoglycosides (eg, gentamicin), cyclosporine, or diuretics (eg, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide) because the risk of side effects on the kidney may be increased This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur.
Ask your health care provider if Vantin may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.
How to use Vantin
Take this medication by mouth, usually every 12 hours or as directed by your doctor.
If you are using the tablet form of this medication, take it with food to help increase the absorption of the drug.
If you are using the suspension form of this medication, take it with or without food. Shake the bottle well before each dose.
The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to therapy. In children, the dose is also based on weight.
Antibiotics work best when the amount of medicine in your body is kept at a constant level. Therefore, take this drug at evenly spaced intervals.
Continue to take this medication until the full prescribed amount is finished, even if symptoms disappear after a few days. Stopping the medication too early may result in a return of the infection.
Inform your doctor if your condition persists or worsens.
Precautions
Tell your doctor your medical history, especially of: any allergies(especially to penicillin or cephalosporin antibiotics), kidney disease, stomach problems, colitis. Use of this medication for prolonged or repeated periods may result in a secondary infection(e.g., oral, bladder or vaginal yeast infection).
This drug should be used only if clearly needed during pregnancy. Since small amounts of this medication are found in breast milk, consult your doctor
before breast-feeding.
Possible side effects of Vantin
Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:
diarrhea that is watery or bloody;
feeling short of breath, swelling, rapid weight gain;
fast or pounding heartbeats;
seizure (convulsions);
warmth, redness, or tingling under your skin;
numbness or tingly feeling; or
fever, sore throat, and headache with a severe blistering, peeling, and red skin rash.
Less serious side effects may include:
mild nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, bloating, gas;
headache, tired feeling;
back pain, muscle pain;
sleep problems (insomnia);
anxiety, nervousness, spinning feeling;
decreased taste sensation; or
urinating more or less than usual.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur.
Tell your doctor about any unusual or bothersome side effect.
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