部份中文丹曲林钠处方资料（仅供参考）
药理毒理
丹曲林钠是一种直接作用于骨骼肌的肌松剂。其主要作用部位是骨骼肌的肌浆网，通过抑制肌浆网释放钙离子而减弱肌肉收缩。
药代动力学
口服后吸收慢，不完全。经肝脏代谢后其代谢产物由肾脏排出体外，成人口服100mg后其半衰期(t1/2)平均为8.7小时，骨骼肌松弛的时间及程度与应用剂量相关。
适应症
用于各种原因引起的上运动神经元损伤所遗留的痉挛性肌张力增高状态，如脑卒中、脑外伤、脊髓损伤、脑性瘫痪、多发性脑血管硬化等。
用法用量
成人
常规剂量
口服给药痉挛：初始剂量一次25mg，一日1次；以后每周逐渐增加，最大剂量一次50mg，一日3次。
[国外用法用量参考]
成人
常规剂量
口服给药
1.痉挛：初始剂量一次25mg，一日1次，连用7日；之后一次25mg，一日3次，连用7日；之后一次50mg，一日3次，连用7日；之后一次100mg，一日3次。最大剂量一次100mg，一日4次。若45日内症状未改善应停药。
2.预防恶性高热：一日4-8mg/kg，分3-4次服用，手术前1-2日给予。末次给药应在术前3-4小时，并尽量减少服药饮水量。
3.预防恶性高热复发：一次1-2mg/kg，一日4次，连用1-3日。
静脉注射恶性高热：最小初始剂量为1mg/kg。若症状未改善或复发，应重复上述剂量，累积剂量可达10mg/kg，症状改善时的累积剂量常为2.5mg/kg。
静脉滴注预防恶性高热：麻醉前75分钟给予本药2.5mg/kg，滴注时间约1小时，手术过程中可能还需追加本药。
儿童
常规剂量
口服给药
1.痉挛：初始剂量一次0.5mg/kg，一日1次，连用7日；之后一次0.5mg/kg，一日3次，连用7日；之后一次1mg/kg，一日3次，连用7日；之后一次2mg/kg，一日3次。若45日内症状未改善应停药。
2.预防恶性高热复发：同成人。
静脉注射恶性高热：同成人。
静脉滴注预防恶性高热：同成人。
任何疑问，请遵医嘱！
丹曲洛林（Dantrolene）是治疗恶性高热的特效药物。治疗的可能机制是通过抑制肌质网内钙离子释放，在骨骼肌兴奋-收缩耦联水平上发挥作用，使骨骼肌松弛。
在使用丹曲洛林治疗时，应尽早静脉注射丹曲洛林，以免循环衰竭后，因骨骼肌血流灌注不足，导致丹曲洛林不能到达作用部位而充分发挥肌松作用。
该药具有乏力、恶心及血栓性静脉炎等副作用 。
Generic Name:
Dantrolene IV
Brand Name:
Dantrium® IV
Action:
Skeletal muscle relaxant
Indications:
Treatment of malignant hyperthermia
Adjunctive treatment for Neuroleptic Malignant syndrome
Restrictions:
A physician must be present during administration on a general care unit
Usual Dosage Range and Route:
Malignant Hyperthermia Treatment (IV): Initial dosing as a continuous rapid IV push: 2.5 mg/kg, which can be repeated until signs and symptoms resolve, a maximum recommended for initial dose is 10 mg/kg. If physiologic and metabolic abnormalities reappear, repeat regimen.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (IV): Initial dosing as a continuous rapid IV push: 1 mg/kg; may repeat dose up to maximum cumulative dose of 10 mg/kg, then switch to oral dosage. Therapy should be in conjunction with bromocriptine.
Standard Concentration:
As described below
Administration Guidelines:
Reconstitute each vial of dantrolene intravenous 20mg with 60 mL of sterile water for injection USP (without a bacteriostatic agent). Shake the vial until the solution is clear.
Dantrolene is not compatible with dextrose or sodium chloride injection, or acidic solutions; lines should be flushed with sterile water for injection USP (without a bacteriostatic agent) before and after administration.
The contents of the vial must be protected from direct light and used within 6 hours after reconstitution. Store reconstituted solutions at controlled room temperature (59°F to 86°F or 15°C to 30°C). While stable for 6 hours, it is recommended that the infusion be prepared immediately prior to the anticipated dosage administration time.
Reconstituted dantrolene intravenous should not be transferred to large glass bottles for infusion due to precipitate formation observed with the use of some glass bottles as reservoirs.
Contents of individual vials maybe transferred to a larger volume sterile intravenous plastic bag. Stability data on file at Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals indicate commercially available sterile plastic bags are acceptable drug delivery devices. However, it is recommended that the prepared infusion be inspected carefully for cloudiness and/or precipitation prior to dispensing and administration. Such solutions should not be used.
Special Considerations:
20 mg vial dantrolene sodium, also contains 3g mannitol, and sufficient sodium hydroxide to yield a pH of approximately 9.5 when reconstituted with 60 mL sterile water for injection USP.
Care must be taken to prevent extravasation of Dantrolene solution into the surrounding tissues due to the high pH of the intravenous formulation.
Precautions and Side Effects:
Potential side effects of dantrolene include hepatoxixity pulmonary edema, thrombophlebitis, nausea, malaise, light-headedness, muscle weakness, and local irritation.
