部份中方肝素钠处方资料（仅供参考）
通用名称：肝素钠注射液
英文名称：Heparin Sodium lnjection
汉语拼音：Gansuna Zhusheye
成份
本品主要成份为肝素钠 。肝素钠系自猪或牛的肠黏膜中提取的硫酸氨基葡聚糖的钠盐，属黏多糖类物质。
辅料为：苯酚、注射用水。
性状：本品为无色至淡黄色的澄明液体。
适应症
用于防治血栓形成或栓塞性疾病（如心肌梗塞、血栓性静脉炎、肺栓塞等）；各种原因引起的弥漫性血管内凝血（DIC）；也用于血液透析、体外循环、导管术、微血管手术等操作中及某些血液标本或器械的抗凝处理。
用法用量
（1）深部皮下注射：首次5000～10000单位，以后每8小时8000～10000单位或每12小时15000～20000单位；每24小时总量约30000～40000单位，一般均能达到满意的效果。
（2）静脉注射：首次5000～10000单位，之后，或按体重每4小时100单位/kg，用氯化钠注射液稀释后应用。

（3）静脉滴注：每日20000～40000单位，加至氯化钠注射液1000mI中持续滴注。滴注前可先静脉注射5000单位作为初始剂量。
（4）预防性治疗：高危血栓形成病人，大多是用于腹部手术之后，以防止深部静脉血栓。在外科手术前2小时先给5000单位肝素皮下注射，但麻醉方式应避免硬膜外麻醉，然后每隔8～12小时5000单位，共约7日。
不良反应
毒性较低，主要不良反应是用药过多可致自发性出血，故每次注射前应测定凝血时间。如注射后引起严重出血，可静注硫酸鱼精蛋白进行急救。偶可引起过敏反应及血小板减少，常发生在用药初5～9天，故开始治疗1个月内应定期监测血小板计数。偶见一次性脱发和腹泻。尚可引起骨质疏松和自发性骨折。肝功能不良者长期使用可引起抗凝血酶-III耗竭而血栓形成倾向。
禁忌 
对肝素过敏、有自发出血倾向者、血液凝固迟缓者（如血友病、紫癜、血小板减少）、溃疡病、创伤、产后出血者及严重肝功能不全者禁用。
注意事项 
（1）下列情况慎用：①有过敏性疾病及哮喘病史；②口腔手术等易致出血的操作；③己口服足量的抗凝血药者；④月经量过多者。
（2）临床上一般均按部分凝血活酶时间调整用量。凝血时间要求保持在治疗前的1.5～3倍，部分凝血活酶时间为治疗前的1.5～2.5倍，随时调整肝素用量及给药间隔时间。
【孕妇及哺乳期妇女用药】  妊娠后期和产后用药，有增加母体出血危险，须慎用。
儿童用药 
（1）静脉注射：按体重一次注入50单位/kg，以后每4小时给予50～100单位。
（2）静脉滴注：按体重注入50单位/kg，以后按体表面积24小时给予20000单位/m2，加入氯化钠注射液中缓慢滴注。
老年用药
60岁以上老年人，尤其是老年妇女对该药较敏感，用药期间容易出血，应减量并加强用药随访。
药物相互作用
（1）本品与下列药物合用，可加重出血危险：①香豆素及其衍生物，可导致严重的因子IX缺乏而致出血；②阿司匹林及非甾体消炎镇痛药，包括甲芬那酸、水杨酸等均能抑制血小板功能，并能诱发胃肠道溃疡出血；③双嘧达莫、右旋糖酐等可能抑制血小板功能；④肾上腺皮质激素、促肾上腺皮质激素等易诱发胃肠道溃疡出血；⑤其他尚有利尿酸、组织纤溶酶原激活物（t-PA）、尿激酶、链激酶等。
（2）肝素并用碳酸氢钠、乳酸钠等纠正酸中毒的药物可促进肝素的抗凝作用。
（3）肝素与透明质酸酶混合注射，既能减轻肌注痛，又可促进肝素吸收。但肝素可抑制透明质酸酶活性，故两者应临时配伍使用，药物混合后不宜久置。
（4）肝素可与胰岛素受体作用，从而改变胰岛素的结合和作用。已有肝素致低血糖的报道。
（5）下列药物与本品有配伍禁忌：卡那霉素、阿米卡星、柔红霉素、乳糖酸红霉素、硫酸庆大霉素、氢化可的松琥珀酸钠、多粘菌素B、阿霉素、妥布霉素、万古霉素、头孢孟多、头孢氧哌唑、头孢噻吩钠、氯喹、氯丙嗪、异丙嗪、麻醉性镇痛药。
药物过量
本品过量可致自发性出血倾向。肝素过量时可用1%的硫酸鱼精蛋白溶液缓慢滴注，如此可中和肝素作用。每1mg鱼精蛋白可中和100U的肝素钠。
药理毒理
由于肝素钠具有带强负电荷的理化特性，能干扰血凝过程的许多环节，在体内外都有抗凝血作用。其作用机制比较复杂，主要通过与抗凝血酶 III（AT-III）结合，而增强后者对活化的II、IX、X、XI 和XII凝血因子的抑制作用。其后果涉及阻止血小板凝集和破坏，妨碍凝血激活酶的形成；阻止凝血酶原变为凝血酶；抑制凝血酶，从而妨碍纤维蛋白原变成纤维蛋白。
药代动力学
肝素钠口服不吸收，仅可皮下注射（小剂量）或静脉给药。80% 肝素与血浆白蛋白相结合，部分被血细胞吸附，部分可弥散到血管外组织间隙。由于分子量较大，不能通过胸膜、腹膜和胎盘组织。肝素主要在网状内皮系统代谢，肾脏排泄，其中少量以原形排出。静注后其排泄取决于给药剂量。当1次给予100 、400 或800U/kg时，T1/2分别为1小时、2.5小时和5小时。慢性肝肾功能不全及过度肥胖者，代谢排泄延迟，有蓄积可能；本品起效时间与给药方式有关，静注即刻发挥最大抗凝效应，但个体差异较大，皮下注射因吸收个体差异较大，故总体持续时间明显延长。血浆内肝素浓度不受透析的影响。
贮藏 遮光，密闭，在阴凉处(不超过20℃)保存。
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=dd4944b6-9d6e-4180-bb68-c0516a27a379
Hep-Lock Flush intravenous
Uses
This medication is used to keep IV catheters open and flowing freely. Heparin helps to keep blood flowing smoothly and from clotting in the catheter by making a certain natural substance in your body (anti-clotting protein) work better. It is known as an anticoagulant.
This form of heparin must not be used to treat or prevent blood clots in the body.
Some products should not be used for newborns due to an increased risk of side effects. Check with your doctor or pharmacist for more details.
How to use Hep-Lock Flush intravenous
This medication is given by injection into the IV catheter as directed by your doctor. Do not inject this medication into the body.
Heparin comes in many strengths. Serious (sometimes fatal) injuries have occurred when the wrong strength was used. Check that you are using the correct strength and dose before injecting this medication.
Flush the catheter/line with normal saline before and after infusing drugs that interact with heparin such as doxorubicin, droperidol, ciprofloxacin, and mitoxantrone.
If you are using this medication at home, learn all preparation and usage instructions from your health care professional. Before using, check this product visually for particles or discoloration. If either is present, do not use the liquid. Learn how to store and discard medical supplies safely.
What conditions does Hep-Lock Flush intravenous treat?Side Effects
Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medication because he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.
Although very unlikely, this medication can cause bleeding if its effect on your clotting proteins is too much. Tell your doctor right away if you develop any signs of serious bleeding, including unusual pain/swelling/discomfort, prolonged bleeding from cuts or gums, persistent nosebleeds, unusually heavy/prolonged menstrual periods, unusual/easy bruising, dark urine, black stools, severe headache, unusual dizziness.
Some patients can have certain bad reactions to heparin (heparin-induced thrombocytopenia-HIT or heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis-HITT). This can occur during treatment and up to several weeks after treatment with heparin has stopped.
Get medical help right away if you have any very serious side effects, including: pain/loss of feeling in the arms/legs, change in color of the arms/legs, chest pain, trouble breathing, confusion, weakness on one side of the body, slurred speech, vision changes.
A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.
This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.
In the US -
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.
In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.
List Hep-Lock Flush intravenous side effects by likelihood and severity.Precautions
Before using heparin, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to pork products; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients (such as benzyl alcohol found in some brands), which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.
Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history.
Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).
During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.
This medication does not pass into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.
What should I know regarding pregnancy, nursing and administering Hep-Lock Flush intravenous to children or the elderly?Interactions
See also How to Use section.
Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval.
This medication may interfere with certain laboratory tests (including prothrombin time), possibly causing false test results. Make sure laboratory personnel and all your doctors know you use this drug.
Does Hep-Lock Flush intravenous interact with other medications?Overdose
If overdose is suspected, contact a poison control center or emergency room right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Symptoms of overdose may include: easy/unusual bruising, easy/unusual bleeding such as persistent nosebleeds, blood in urine, black stools.
Notes
Not applicable.
Missed Dose
Not applicable.
Storage
Consult the product instructions and your pharmacist for storage details. Keep all medications away from children and pets.
Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.
Information last revised October 2015. Copyright(c) 2015 First Databank, Inc.
Images
Sorry. No images are available for this medication.