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Arixtra 5mg/0.4ml(Fondaparinux Sodium 磺达肝素钠皮下注射剂)
药店国别  
产地国家 美国 
处 方 药: 是 
所属类别 5毫克-0.4毫升 10支 
包装规格 5毫克-0.4毫升 10支 
计价单位: 盒 
生产厂家中文参考译名:
MYLAN INSTITUTIONAL/GEN
生产厂家英文名:
MYLAN INSTITUTIONAL/GEN
该药品相关信息网址1:
http://www.drugs.com/pro/arixtra.html
该药品相关信息网址2:
该药品相关信息网址3:
原产地英文商品名:
ARIXTRA 5MG-0.4ML PFS 10
原产地英文药品名:
FONDAPARINUX SODIUM
中文参考商品译名:
ARIXTRA注射器 5毫克-0.4毫升 10支
中文参考药品译名:
戊聚糖钠
曾用名:
简介:

 

 近日,FDA批准选择性Xa因子抑制剂(fondaparinux sodium,商品名Arixtra)用于预防腹部手术后的深静脉血栓栓塞性疾病的发生。
Arixtra是一个高选择性Xa因子抑制剂,它与抗凝血酶(ATⅢ)结合使ATⅢ分子发生不可逆的构象改变,增强ATⅢ对Xa因子的亲和力,抑制血栓形成。
Arixrta具有生物利用度高,起效快,半衰期长、不良反应少等特点,临床应用更简便。对预防术后静脉血栓形成更有效、更安全。治疗急性冠脉综合征的疗效至少与低分子肝素等同。
批准日期:2004年11月17日 公司:MYLAN INSTITUTIONAL INC
ARIXTRA(磺达肝素钠[fondaparinux sodium])皮下注射液
美国最初批准:2001年
警告:脊柱/硬膜外血肿
硬膜外或脊髓血肿可能发生在用低分子量肝素(LMWH),类肝素或磺达肝素钠抗凝并正在接受椎管内麻醉或接受脊柱穿刺的患者中。这些血肿可能导致长期或永久性麻痹。在为脊柱手术安排患者时要考虑这些风险。可能会增加这些患者发生硬膜外或脊髓血肿风险的因素包括:
●使用留置硬膜外导管
●同时使用其他影响止血的药物,如非甾体类抗炎药(NSAIDs),血小板抑制剂或其他抗凝剂
●创伤或反复硬膜外或脊髓穿刺史
●脊柱畸形或脊柱手术史
经常监测患者的神经功能障碍的体征和症状。如果注意到神经系统受损,则需要紧急治疗。
考虑在抗凝或抗凝血栓预防患者的椎管内干预之前的益处和风险。[见警告和注意事项和药物相互作用]
作用机制
磺达肝素钠的抗血栓形成活性是抗凝血酶III(ATIII)介导的因子Xa的选择性抑制的结果。 通过选择性结合ATIII,磺达肝素钠增强(约300倍)ATIII对因子Xa的先天中和作用。因子Xa的中和中断血液凝固级联,从而抑制凝血酶形成和血栓形成。
磺达肝素钠不会使凝血酶失活(活化因子II),对血小板功能没有明显影响。在推荐剂量下,磺达肝素钠不影响纤维蛋白溶解活性或出血时间。
适应症和用法
ARIXTRA是因子Xa抑制剂(抗凝血剂),适用于:
预防髋部骨折手术(包括延长预防),髋关节置换手术,膝关节置换手术或腹部手术的患者的深静脉血栓形成(DVT)。
与华法林联合使用时治疗DVT或急性肺栓塞(PE)。
剂量和给药
预防深静脉血栓形成:止血后每日一次皮下注射ARIXTRA 2.5mg。初始剂量不应早于手术后6至8小时,并持续5至9天。对于接受髋部骨折手术的患者,建议延长预防时间长达24天。
深静脉血栓形成和肺栓塞的治疗:每日一次皮下注射ARIXTRA 5mg(体重<50kg),7.5mg(50至100kg)或10mg(>100kg)。治疗应持续至少5天,直至华法林钠达到INR 2至3。
不要用作肌肉注射。对于皮下使用,请勿与其他注射或输注混合使用。
剂量形式和强度
单剂量预充式注射器,含2.5mg,5mg,7.5mg或10mg磺达肝素。
禁忌症
ARIXTRA在以下情况下禁用:
严重肾功能损害(肌酐清除率<30mL/min)预防或治疗静脉血栓栓塞。
活动性大出血。
细菌性心内膜炎。
血小板减少症与在磺达肝素钠存在下抗血小板抗体的阳性体外试验相关。
体重<50kg(仅预防静脉血栓栓塞)。
警告和注意事项
有条件或正在服用可增加出血风险的伴随药物的患者慎用。
肾功能损害和体重低于50kg的患者出血风险增加。
施用ARIXTRA可发生血小板减少症。
建议定期进行常规全血细胞计数(包括血小板计数),血清肌酐水平和粪便潜血试验。
包装(护针器)含有干燥的天然橡胶,可能会对乳胶敏感的人造成过敏反应。
不良反应
与使用ARIXTRA相关的最常见不良反应是出血并发症。
皮下注射后可能会出现轻微的局部刺激(注射部位出血,皮疹和瘙痒)。
可能发生贫血,失眠,伤口引流增加,低钾血症,头晕,低血压,精神错乱,大疱性爆发,血肿,术后出血和紫癜。
要报告疑似不良反应,请致电1-888-825-5249联系葛兰素史克公司或1-800-FDA-1088或www.fda.gov/medwatch联系FDA。
药物相互作用
除非必要,否则在开始使用ARIXTRA治疗之前,可能会延长可能增加出血风险的药物。如果需要共同给药,请密切监测患者的出血情况。
用于特定人群
ARIXTRA在儿科患者中的安全性和有效性尚未确定。由于ARIXTRA治疗期间出血的风险在体重<50 kg的成人中增加,因此在儿科人群中使用ARIXTRA可能是出血的特别安全问题。
由于老年患者肾功能降低的可能性较大,因此应谨慎使用ARIXTRA。
随着肾功能或肝功能降低,出血风险增加。
包装提供/存储和处理
ARIXTRA Injection有以下优点和包装尺寸:
2.5毫克ARIXTRA在0.5毫升单剂量预充式注射器中,贴有27号x½英寸针头和带白色柱塞杆的自动针头保护系统。
NDC 0007-3230-02 2单个单元注射器
NDC 0007-3230-11 10单个单元注射器
5毫克ARIXTRA在0.4毫升单剂量预充式注射器中,贴有27号x½英寸针头和带白色柱塞杆的自动针头保护系统。
NDC 0007-3232-02 2单个单元注射器
NDC 0007-3232-11 10单个单元注射器
7.5毫克ARIXTRA在0.6毫升单剂量预充式注射器中,贴有27号x½英寸针头和带白色柱塞杆的自动针头保护系统。
NDC 0007-3234-02 2单机注射器
NDC 0007-3234-11 10单个单元注射器
10毫克ARIXTRA在0.8毫升单剂量预充式注射器中,贴有27号x½英寸针头和带白色柱塞杆的自动针头保护系统。
NDC 0007-3236-02 2单个单元注射器
NDC 0007-3236-11 10单个单元注射器
储存在25°C(77°F);允许偏移15-30°C(59-86°F)。
完整说明资料附件:
http://drugsdb.eu/drug.php?d=arixtra&m=glaxosmithkline%20llc&id=718e1b06-0045-46aa-aafd-ccaa4e9d5e82.xml
Arixtra(Fondaparinux Sodium)
Arixtra(Fondaparinux sodium injection), Organon/Sanofi-Synthelabo
New biologic: Factor Xa inhibitor for reducing risk of blood clotsafter orthopedic surgeries
Factor Xa inhibitor for reducing risk of blood clots after orthopedic surgeries
Fondaparinux has now been launched following its approval in December for prevention of deep vein thrombosis and resultant pulmonary embolism in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery, hip replacement surgery, or knee replacement surgery. It is the first synthetic anticoagulant indicated for use in these types of surgeries. Fondaparinux acts by selectively inhibiting Factor Xa, a key component of blood clotting.
Efficacy. Approval was based on randomized, double-blind, active-control trials in more than 7,000 patients. In all trials fondaparinux was given at a dosage of 2.5 mg subcutaneously once daily. The primary endpoint was the incidence of a venous thromboembolic event (VTE) up to 11 days after surgery.
Hip replacement. Two trials were conducted in patients undergoing hip replacement surgery. Both used subcutaneous enoxaparin as the comparator; it was dosed at 30 mg every 12 hours in one trial and at 40 mg once daily in the other. Rates of VTE in the first study (N = 2,254) were 6.1% with fondaparinux versus 8.3% with enoxaparin, but the difference was statistically nonsignificant. In the second study (N = 2,252), VTE rates were 4.1% with fondaparinux versus 9.2% with enoxaparin (p < 0.01).
Knee replacement. One trial (N = 1,034) was conducted in patients undergoing knee replacement surgery. Subcutaneous enoxaparin was again the comparator, dosed at 30 mg every 12 hours. Rates of VTE were significantly lower with fondaparinux than with enoxaparin (12.5% vs 27.8%; p < 0.001).
Hip fracture. A final trial (N = 1,673) was performed in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. The comparator was a low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) unapproved in the United States for this patient population, labeling states. Again VTE occurred at a significantly lower rate with fondaparinux than with the LMWH comparator (8.3% vs 19.1%; p < 0.001).
Safety. During fondaparinux administration, the most common adverse effects were bleeding complications, labeling states. Across the pooled efficacy trials, major bleeding occurred in 2.7% of fondaparinux recipients as compared with 1.9% of LMWH recipients (enoxaparin or the unapproved LMWH). Differences in rates of major bleeding reached statistical significance in the knee replacement surgery study (2.1% with fondaparinux vs 0.2% with enoxaparin; p = 0.0061).
Because the risk of hemorrhage increases with renal impairment, fondaparinux is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min). It should be used with caution in patients with moderate renal impairment.
This agent is also contraindicated in patients whose body weight is less than 50 kg (because of increased bleeding risk) and in patients with active major bleeding or bacterial endocarditis.
Fondaparinux should be used with caution in elderly patients and in patients with a history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, labeling warns. It should be used with care in patients with a bleeding diathesis or uncontrolled arterial hypertension and in those with a history of recent gastrointestinal ulceration, diabetic retinopathy, or hemorrhage.
Labeling carries the same black-box warning as for other injectable antithrombotics (including LMWHs) against administration in patients receiving neuraxial anesthesia or spinal puncture.
Dosing. Fondaparinux is administered by subcutaneous injection. The recommended dosage for all indications is 2.5 mg once daily. After hemostasis has been established, the initial dose should be given 6 to 8 hours after surgery. The usual duration of therapy is 5 to 9 days; administration for up to 11 days has been tolerated. 

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