部份中文肝素钠处方资料（仅供参考） 
【产品名称】肝素钠 Heparin Sodium
肝素钠，别名
为肝素、肝磷脂、Heparinar、Hepsal、Liguaemin、Lipo-Hepin、Pularin等，是一种含有硫酸基的酸性粘多糖类天然抗凝血物质。肝素是分子量大小各异的一簇酸性粘多糖混合物的统称，具有由六糖或八糖重复单位构成的线形链状分子，分子量在3,000到30,000Da之间，平均分子量15,000Da左右。肝素广泛分布于哺乳动物的肝、肺、心、脾、肾、胸腺、肠粘膜、肌肉和血液里。因此肝素可由猪肠粘膜、牛肺、猪肺提取。1996年疯牛病爆发后，世界卫生组织已禁止使用从犄角动物体内提取的肝素钠。
因其最初得自肝脏，故名肝素，现多由猪、牛、羊肠粘膜或猪、牛肺中提得，是一种粘多糖的硫酸酯。按干燥品计算，每1mg效价不得少于150单位。
【性状】
为白色或类白色粉末；有引湿性。在水中易溶。在水溶液中有强负电荷，能与一些阳离子结合成分子络合物。
【药理】
肝素钠在体内外均有抗凝血作用，可延长凝血时间、凝血酶原时间和凝血酶时间。现认为肝素钠通过激活抗凝血酶Ⅲ（atⅢ）而发挥抗凝血作用。atⅢ是一种血浆α2球蛋白，它作为肝素钢的辅助因子，可与许多凝血因子结合，并抑制这些因子的活性。因此影响凝血过程的许多环节：①灭活凝血因子Ⅻa、Ⅺa、Ⅸa、Ⅹa、Ⅱa和Ⅷa；②络合凝血酶原（Ⅱa）；③中和组织凝血活素（Ⅲ）。肝素钠与atⅢ见结合后，可加速atⅢ且的抗凝血作用。
肝素钠在体内还有降血脂作用，这是由于它能活化和释放脂蛋白脂酶，使乳糜微粒的甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白水解之故。
口服无效，须注射给药。静注后在血内均匀分布于白细胞和血浆，很快进入组织、胎盘和乳汁。vd为0.06l／kg。血浆蛋白结合率约为80％。在肝脏代谢，经肾排出。t1/2约为1小时，可随剂量增加而延长。
【应用】
（1）防治血栓形成和栓塞，如心肌梗塞、肺栓塞、血栓性静脉炎及术后血栓形成等。
（2）治疗各种原因引起的弥散性血管内凝血（dic），如细菌性脓毒血症、胎盘早期剥离、恶性肿瘤细胞溶解所致的dic，早期应用可防止纤维蛋白质和凝血因子的消耗。
（3）其他体内外抗凝血，如心导管检查、心脏手术体外循环、血液透析等。
【用法】
（1）静滴：成人首剂500o单位加入100ml　5％～10％葡萄糖溶液或0.9％氯化钠注射液中，在30～60分钟内滴完。需要时可每隔4～6小时重复滴注1次，每次5000单位，总量可达25000单位／日。为维持恒定血药浓度，也可每24小时10000～20000单位加于1000ml　5％葡萄糖溶液或0.9％氯化钠注射液中静滴，速度20滴／分。用于体外循环时，375单位／kg，体外循环超过1小时者，每kg体重加125单位。
（2）静脉或深部肌注（或皮下注射）：每次5000～10000单位。
【注意】
（1）用药过量可致自发性出血，表现为粘膜出血（血尿，消化道出血）、关节积血和伤口出血等，故用药期间应测定凝血时间或部分凝血活素时间（ptt），凝血时间＞30分钟或ptt＞100秒均表明用药过量。发现自发性出血应立即停药。严重出血可静注硫酸鱼精蛋白注射液中和肝素钠，注射速度以每分钟不超过20mg或在10分钟内注射50mg为宜。通常1mg鱼精蛋白在体内能中和100单位肝素钠。
（2）偶有过敏反应如哮喘、荨麻疹、结膜炎和发热等。长期用药可致脱发和短暂的可逆性秃头症、骨质疏松和自发性骨折。尚见短暂的血小板减少症。
（3）对肝素钠过敏、有出血倾向及凝血机制障碍者，患血小板减少症、血友病、消化性溃疡、严重高血压、颅内出血、细菌性心内膜炎、活动性结核、先兆流产或产后、内脏肿瘤、外伤及手术后均禁用肝素钠。妊娠妇女仅在有明确适应证时，方可用肝素钠。
（4）肌注或皮下注射刺激性较大，应选用细针头做深部肌肉或皮下脂肪组织内注射。
【制剂】注射液：每支1000单位（2ml）；5000单位（2ml）；12500单位（2ml）。
【贮法】遮光，在凉处保存。
Heparin Lock Flush
Pronunciation: HEP-a-rin
Generic Name: Heparin Lock Flush
Brand Name: Generic only. No brands available.
Heparin Lock Flush is used for:
Preventing blood clots from forming in intravenous (IV) lines or catheters
Heparin Lock Flush is an anticoagulant. It works by preventing blood clots from forming in intravenous lines when they are not in use.
Do NOT use Heparin Lock Flush if:
you are allergic to any ingredient in Heparin Lock Flush or to pork products
you have uncontrolled high blood pressure
you have uncontrolled active bleeding, unexplained bruising, or low blood platelets (thrombocytopenia)Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.
Before using Heparin Lock Flush:
Some medical conditions may interact with Heparin Lock Flush.
Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:
if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding
if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement
if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances
if you have a catheter, a blood disorder (eg, hemophilia), liver or kidney problems, or von Willebrand disease
if you have recently had surgery (especially of the brain, eye, or spine) or a spinal tap or spinal anesthesia, or if you have recently had an injury
if you have a history of heart problems, high blood pressure, menstrual problems, bleeding problems, or a history of ulcers or other stomach problems
if you have a fever or infection, or a history of blood conditions or brain hemorrhage
Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Heparin Lock Flush.
Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:
Dextran, dipyridamole, hydroxychloroquine, indomethacin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (eg, ibuprofen), phenylbutazone, or salicylates (eg, aspirin) because the risk of bleeding may be increased
This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur.
Ask your health care provider if Heparin Lock Flush may interact with other medicines that you take.
Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

How to use Heparin Lock Flush:
Use Heparin Lock Flush as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
Heparin Lock Flush is usually used at your doctor's office, hospital or clinic. If you will be using Heparin Lock Flush at home, a health care provider will teach you how to use it.
Be sure you understand how to use Heparin Lock Flush. Follow the procedures you are taught when you use a dose. Contact your health care provider if you have any questions.
Do not use Heparin Lock Flush if it contains particles, is cloudy or discolored, or if the container is leaking, opened, or damaged in any way.
Keep this product, as well as syringes and needles, out of the reach of children and pets.
Do not reuse needles, syringes, or other materials. Ask your health care provider how to dispose of these materials after use. Follow all local rules for disposal.
If you miss a dose of Heparin Lock Flush, contact your doctor right away.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Heparin Lock Flush.
Important safety information:
Heparin Lock Flush may reduce the number of clot-forming cells(platelets) in your blood.
Avoid activities that may cause bruising or injury. Tell your doctor if you have unusual bruising or bleeding. Tell your doctor if you have dark, tarry, or bloody
stools.
Heparin Lock Flush may interfere with certain lab tests, including blood clotting tests.
Be sure your doctor and lab personnel know you are using Heparin Lock Flush.
Tell your doctor or dentist that you use Heparin Lock Flush before you receive any medical or dental care, emergency care, or surgery.
Lab tests, including hematocrit, platelet counts, and occult blood in the stools, may be performed while you use Heparin Lock Flush.
These tests may be used to monitor your condition or check for side effects. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.
Use Heparin Lock Flush with caution in the ELDERLY, especially women; they may be more sensitive to its effects, especially bleeding.
PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Heparin Lock Flush while you are pregnant.
Heparin Lock Flush is not found in breast milk. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you are using Heparin Lock Flush, check with your doctor.
Discuss any possible risks to your baby.
Possible side effects of Heparin Lock Flush:All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most
COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:Irritation, redness, or mild pain at the injection site.
Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur: Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); black, tarry, or bloody stools; bleeding from gums when brushing or flossing teeth; blood in the urine; calf or leg pain, tenderness, or swelling; chest pain; confusion; coughing up blood; excessive bleeding from cuts; fever or chills; increased menstrual bleeding; lower back pain; nosebleeds; numbness or color change of the skin, fingers, or toes; one-sided numbness or weakness; severe headache or dizziness; severe or persistent pain, swelling, or redness at the injection site; shortness of breath; slurred speech; stomach pain or swelling; unexplained vaginal bleeding; unusual bruising or bleeding; vision problems; vomit that
looks like coffee grounds.
This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.
If OVERDOSE is suspected:Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include blood in urine; nosebleeds; stomach pain or swelling; tarry stools; unexplained bleeding and bruising; vomiting blood.
Proper storage of Heparin Lock Flush: Store Heparin Lock Flush at room temperature, between 68 and 77 degrees F (20 and 25 degrees C). Brief storage at temperatures between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C) is permitted.
Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Keep Heparin Lock Flush out of the reach of children and away from pets.
General information:
If you have any questions about Heparin Lock Flush, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.
Heparin Lock Flush is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.
If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.
Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.
This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Heparin Lock Flush.
If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.