部分中文Acthrel 处方资料（仅供参考）
ACTHREL®（瑞林绵羊triflutate注射）是无菌的，无热原，冻干白色滤饼粉末，含有瑞林绵羊triflutate，是用于垂体corticotroph响应的判定的合成肽的三氟乙酸盐。瑞林绵羊具有氨基酸序列相同绵羊促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（oCRH）。瑞林绵羊是天然存在的人CRH（hCRH）肽的类似物。两种肽是从垂体前叶促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）释放的有效刺激物。促肾上腺皮质激素皮质醇刺激产量从肾上腺皮质。
适应症和用法
ACTHREL®表示用于患者的促肾上腺皮质激素依赖性库欣综合征鉴别ACTH垂体和异位生产。
用法用量
剂量
在1微克ACTHREL®单次静脉/ kg剂量推荐垂​​体肾上腺皮质功能的测试。 1微克/ kg的剂量是产生最大皮质醇反应和显著（尽管显然次最大）促肾上腺皮质激素响应的最低剂量。高于1微克剂量/不建议公斤。 （见注意事项和不良反应）。
剂量为1微克/公斤，促肾上腺皮质激素和皮质醇反应ACTHREL®的延长和长达2小时继续上升。在血浆ACTH的最大增量发生ACTHREL®给药后分15和60之间，而在血浆皮质醇的最大增量30和120分钟之间。在30例正常健康男性临床研究，在下午早些时候的峰值血浆ACTH和皮质醇反应ACTHREL®管理发生在42±29分钟，65±26分钟（平均±SD），分别为。如果需要使用具有ACTHREL®的瑞林刺激试验重复评估，则建议重复试验来​​作为原始测试在每天的同一时间进行，因为存在以下的基础水平和峰值响应水平的差异上午或下午管理正常人类。
Acthrel (Corticorelin Ovine Triflutate) - Indications and Dosage
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
ACTHREL® is indicated for use in differentiating pituitary and ectopic production of ACTH in patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome.
Differential Diagnosis
There are two forms of Cushing's syndrome:
ACTH-dependent (83%), in which hypercortisolism is due either to pituitary hypersecretion of ACTH (Cushing's disease) resulting from an adenoma (40%, usually microadenomas) or nonadenomatous hyperplasia, possibly of hypothalamic origin (28%), or to hypercortisolism that is secondary to ectopic secretion of ACTH (15%) and,
ACTH- independent (17%), in which hypercortisolism is due to autonomous cortisol secretion by an adrenal tumor (9% adenomas, 8% carcinomas).
After the establishment of hypercortisolism consistent with the presence of Cushing's syndrome, and following the elimination of autonomous adrenal hyperfunction as its cause, the corticorelin test is used to aid in establishing the source of excessive ACTH secretion.
The corticorelin stimulation test helps to differentiate between the etiologies of ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism as follows:
1.High basal plasma ACTH plus high basal plasma cortisol (20 - 40 mcg/dL). ACTHREL® injection (1 mcg/kg) results in:
Increased plasma ACTH levels
Increased plasma cortisol levels
Diagnosis: Cushing's disease (ACTH of pituitary origin)
2High basal plasma ACTH (may be very high) plus high basal plasma cortisol (20 - 40 mcg/dL). ACTHREL® injection (1 mcg/kg) results in:
Little or no response of plasma ACTH levels
Little or no response of plasma cortisol levels
Diagnosis: Ectopic ACTH syndrome
Test Methodology
To eva luate the status of the pituitary-adrenal axis in the differentiation of a pituitary source from an ectopic source of excessive ACTH secretion, a corticorelin test procedure requires a minimum of five blood samples.
Procedure
Venous blood samples should be drawn 15 minutes before and immediately prior to ACTHREL® administration. The ACTH baseline is obtained by averaging the values of the two samples.
Administer ACTHREL® as an intravenous infusion over a 30 to 60- second interval at a dose of 1 mcg/kg body weight. Higher doses are not recommended (see PRECAUTIONS and ADVERSE REACTIONS).
Draw venous blood samples at 15, 30, and 60 minutes after administration.
Blood samples should be handled as recommended by the laboratory that will determine their ACTH content. It is extremely important to recognize that the reliability of the ACTHREL® test is directly related to the inter-assay and intra-assay variability of the laboratory performing the assay.
Cortisol determinations may be performed on the same blood samples for the same time points as outlined above. The blood sample handling precautions noted for ACTH should be followed for cortisol.
Interpretation of Test Results
The interpretation of the ACTH and cortisol responses following ACTHREL® administration requires a knowledge of the clinical status of the individual patient, understanding of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal physiology, and familiarity with the normal hormonal ranges and the standards used by the laboratory that performs the ACTH and cortisol assays.
Cushing's Disease
The results of challenge with corticorelin injection have been reported in approximately 300 patients with Cushing's disease. Although the ACTH and cortisol responses were variable, a hyper-response to corticorelin was seen in a majority of patients, despite high basal cortisol levels. This response pattern indicates an impairment of the negative feedback of cortisol on the pituitary. Patients with pituitary-dependent Cushing's disease tested with corticorelin do not show the negative correlation between basal and stimulated levels of ACTH and cortisol that is found in normal subjects. A positive correlation between basal ACTH levels and maximum ACTH increments after corticorelin administration has been found in Cushing's disease patients.
Ectopic ACTH Secretion
Patients with Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic ACTH secretion (N=32) were found to have very high basal levels of ACTH and cortisol, which were not further stimulated by corticorelin. However, there have been rare instances of patients with ectopic sources of ACTH that have responded to the corticorelin test.
SUMMARY OF ACTH RESPONSES IN PATIENTS WITH HIGH BASAL CORTISOL
CUSHING'S DISEASE ACTH RESPONSES
(mean of 181 patients)
Basal ACTH 63 ± 72 pg/mL (mean ± SD)
Peak ACTH 189 ± 262 pg/mL (mean ± SD)
Mean of individual change from baseline + 227%
ECTOPIC ACTH SECRETION RESPONSES
(mean for 31 patients)
Basal ACTH 266 ± 464 pg/mL (mean ± SD)
Peak ACTH 276 ± 466 pg/mL (mean ± SD)
Mean of individual change from baseline + 15%
False negative responses to the corticorelin test in Cushing's disease patients occur approximately 5 to 10% of the time, which may lead the clinician to an incorrect diagnosis of ectopic production of ACTH at that frequency. (See INDICATIONS AND USAGE, Differential Diagnosis).
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
Dosage
A single intravenous dose of ACTHREL® at 1 mcg/kg is recommended for the testing of pituitary corticotrophin function. A dose of 1 mcg/kg is the lowest dose that produces maximal cortisol responses and significant (though apparently sub-maximal) ACTH responses. Doses above 1 mcg/kg are not recommended. (See PRECAUTIONS and ADVERSE REACTIONS).
At a dose of 1 mcg/kg, the ACTH and cortisol responses to ACTHREL® are prolonged and remain elevated for up to 2 hours. The maximum increment in plasma ACTH occurs between 15 and 60 minutes after ACTHREL® administration, whereas the maximum increment in plasma cortisol occurs between 30 and 120 minutes. In a clinical study of 30 normal healthy men, the peak plasma ACTH and cortisol responses to ACTHREL® administration in the early afternoon occurred at 42 ± 29 minutes and 65 ± 26 minutes (average ±SD), respectively. If a repeated eva luation using the corticorelin stimulation test with ACTHREL® is needed, it is recommended that the repeat test be carried out at the same time of day as the original test because there are differences in basal levels and peak response levels following a.m. or p.m. administration to normal humans.
Administration
ACTHREL® is to be reconstituted aseptically with 2 mL of Sodium Chloride injection, USP (0.9% sodium chloride), at the time of use by injecting 2 mL of the saline diluent into the lyophilized drug product cake. To avoid bubble formation, DO NOT SHAKE the vial; instead, roll the vial to dissolve the product. The sterile solution containing 50 mcg corticorelin/mL is then ready for injection by the intravenous route. The dosage to be administered is determined by the patient's weight (1 mcg corticorelin/kg). Some of the adverse effects can be reduced by administering the drug as an infusion over 30 seconds instead of as a bolus injection.
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.
HOW SUPPLIED
ACTHREL® is supplied as a sterile, nonpyrogenic, lyophilized, white cake containing 100 mcg corticorelin ovine (as the trifluoroacetate), 0.88 mg ascorbic acid, 10 mg lactose, and 26 mg cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate. Trace amounts of chloride ion may be present from the manufacturing process. The package provides a single-dose, rubber-capped, 5 mL, brown-glass vial (NDC 55566-0302-1) containing 100 mcg corticorelin ovine (as the trifluoroacetate). ACTHREL® is stable in the lyophilized form when stored refrigerated at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F) and protected from light. The reconstituted solution is stable up to 8 hours under refrigerated conditions. Discard unused reconstituted solution.