部份中文葡萄糖处方资料（仅供参考）
【药品名称】
通用名称：葡萄糖注射液
英文名称：Glucose Injection
汉语拼音：Putaotang Zhusheye
【成份】本品主要成份为葡萄糖。
【有效期】24个月
【性状】本品为无色或几乎无色的澄明液体；味甜。
【适应症】
(1)补充能量和体液；用于各种原因引起的进食不足或大量体液丢失(如呕吐、腹泻等)，全静脉内营养，饥饿性酮症。
(2)低糖血症；
(3)高钾血症；
(4)高渗溶液用作组织脱水剂；
(5)配制腹膜透析液；
(6)药物稀释剂；
(7)静脉法葡萄糖耐量试验；
(8)供配制GIK(极化液)液用。
【用法用量】
(1)补充热能 患者因某些原因进食减少或不能进食时，一般可予25%葡萄糖注射液静脉注射，并同时补充体液。葡萄糖用量根据所需热能计算。
(2)全静脉营养疗法 葡萄糖是此疗法最重要的能量供给物质。在非蛋白质热能中，葡萄糖与脂肪供给热量之比为2∶1，具体用量依据临床热量需要而定。根据补液量的需要，葡萄糖可配制为25%～50%的不同浓度，必要时加入胰岛素，每5～10g葡萄糖加入正规胰岛素1单位。由于正常应用高渗葡萄糖溶液，对静脉刺激性较大，并需输注脂肪乳剂，故一般选用大静脉滴注。
(3)低糖血症，重者可先予用50%葡萄糖注射液20～40ml静脉推注。
(4)饥饿性酮症，严重者应用5%～25%葡萄糖注射液静脉滴注，每日100g葡萄糖可基本控制病情。
(5)失水 等渗性失水给予5%葡萄糖注射液静脉滴注。
(6)高钾血症 应用10～25%注射液，每2～4g葡萄糖加1单位正规胰岛素输注，可降低血清钾浓度。但此疗法仅使细胞外钾离子进入细胞内，体内总钾含量不变。如不采取排钾措施，仍有再次出现高钾血症的可能。
(7)组织脱水 高渗溶液(一般采用50%葡萄糖注射液)快速静脉注射20～50ml。但作用短暂。临床上应注意防止高血糖，目前少用。用于调节腹膜透析液渗透压时，50%葡萄糖注射液20ml即10g葡萄糖可使1L腹膜透析液渗透压提高55mOsm/kgH2O。
【不良反应】
(1)静脉炎，发生于高渗葡萄糖注射液滴注时。如用大静脉滴注，静脉炎发生率下降。
(2)高浓度葡萄糖注射液外渗可致局部肿痛。
(3)反应性低血糖：合并使用胰岛素过量，原有低血糖倾向及全静脉营养疗法突然停止时易发生。
(4)高血糖非酮症昏迷：多见于糖尿病、应激状态、使用大量的糖皮质激素、尿毒症腹膜透析患者腹腔内给予高渗葡萄糖溶液及全营养疗法时。
(5)电解质紊乱，长期单纯补给葡萄糖时易出现低钾、低钠及低磷血症。
(6)原有心功能不全者。
(7)高钾血症，I型糖尿病患者应用高浓度葡萄糖时偶有发生。
【禁忌】
(1)糖尿病酮症酸中毒未控制者；
(2)高血糖非酮症性高渗状态。
【注意事项】
(1)分娩时注射过多葡萄糖可刺激胎儿胰岛素分泌，发生产后婴儿低血糖。
(2)下列情况慎用：
①胃大部分切除患者作口服糖耐量试验时易出现倾倒综合症及低血糖反应，应改为静脉葡萄糖试验；
②周期性麻痹、低钾血症患者；
③应激状态或应用糖皮质激素时容易诱发高血糖；
④水肿及严重心、肾功能不全、肝硬化腹水者，易致水潴留，应控制输液量；心功能不全者尤应控制滴速。
【孕妇及哺乳期妇女用药】分娩时注射过多葡萄糖，可刺激胎儿胰岛素分泌，发生产后婴儿低血糖。
【儿童用药】补液过快、过多，可致心悸、心律失常，甚至急性左心衰竭。
【老年用药】补液过快、过多，可致心悸、心律失常，甚至急性左心衰竭。
【药物相互作用】未进行该项实验且无可靠参考文献。
【药物过量】未进行该项实验且无可靠参考文献。
【药理毒理】葡萄糖是人体主要的热量来源之一，每1克葡萄糖可产生4大卡(16.7kJ)热能，故被用来补充热量。治疗低糖血症。当葡萄糖和胰岛素一起
静脉滴注，糖原的合成需钾离子参与，从而钾离子进入细胞内，血钾浓度下降，故被用来治疗高钾血症。高渗葡萄糖注射液快速静脉推注有组织脱水作用，可用作组织脱水剂。另外，葡萄糖是维持和调节腹膜透析液渗透压的主要物质。
【药代动力学】静脉注射葡萄糖直接进入血液循环。葡萄糖在体内完全氧化生成CO2和水，经肺和肾排出体外，同时产生能量。也可转化成糖原和脂肪贮存。一般正常人体每分钟利用葡萄糖的能力为6mg/kg。
【贮藏】密闭保存。
【包装】非PVC多层共挤袋，每袋500ml。
【有效期】24个月
dextrose 5% in water
Generic Name: dextrose 5% in water (injection) (DEX trose)
Brand Name:
What is dextrose 5% in water?
Dextrose is a form of glucose (sugar). Dextrose 5% in water is injected into a vein through an IV to replace lost fluids and provide carbohydrates to the body.

Dextrose 5% in water is used to treat low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), insulin shock, or dehydration (fluid loss). Dextrose 5% in water is also given for nutritional support to patients who are unable to eat because of illness, injury, or other medical condition.

Dextrose 5% in water is sometimes used as a diluent (liquid) for preparing injectable medication in an IV bag. A diluent provides a large amount of fluid in which to dilute a small amount of medicine. The diluent helps carry the medicine into your bloodstream through the IV. This helps your caregivers inject the medicine slowly and more safely into your body.

Dextrose 5% in water may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about dextrose 5% in water?
You should not use this medication if you are allergic to dextrose.

Before using dextrose 5% in water, tell your doctor if you have diabetes, breathing problems, an electrolyte imbalance, kidney or liver disease, a food or drug allergy, or if you receive regular blood transfusions.
Do not mix dextrose 5% in water with any medication that has not been prescribed by your doctor. If you are using the injections at home, be sure you understand how to properly mix and store your medicine.

Tell your caregivers if you feel any burning, pain, or swelling around the IV needle when dextrose 5% in water is injected.

Stop using dextrose 5% in water and call your doctor at once if you have a fever, cough, wheezing, increased thirst or urination, confusion, hallucinations, extreme thirst, muscle weakness, weak or shallow breathing, fainting, or severe irritation or signs of infection around the IV needle.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before using dextrose 5% in water?
You should not use this medication if you are allergic to dextrose.

To make sure you can safely use dextrose 5% in water, tell your doctor if you have any of these other conditions:

•diabetes;

•breathing problems;

•an electrolyte imbalance (such as low levels of potassium in your blood);

•kidney or liver disease;

•any allergy to foods or medicines; or

•if you receive regular blood transfusions.

FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether dextrose 5% in water will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while using this medication.

It is not known whether dextrose 5% in water passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

How is dextrose 5% in water given?
Dextrose 5% in water is injected into a vein through an IV. You may be shown how to use an IV at home. Do not self-inject this medicine if you do not fully understand how to give the injection and properly dispose of used needles, IV tubing, and other items used to inject the medicine.

Before using dextrose 5% in water, check the solution container to make sure there are no leaks in it. Use only the needle type and size recommended by your doctor or caregivers.

Dextrose 5% in water should be clear and colorless. Do not use the medication if it has changed colors or has particles in it, or if the seal on the IV bag is broken. Call your doctor for a new prescription.

You may need to mix dextrose 5% in water with another medication in an IV bag before using it. Do not mix dextrose 5% in water with any medication that has not been prescribed by your doctor. If you are using the injections at home, be sure you understand how to properly mix and store your medicine.

Call your doctor or tell your caregivers if your catheter, needle, or IV tubing becomes blocked or if the solution is not flowing normally.

If you receive this medication in a hospital or clinic setting your breathing, blood pressure, oxygen levels, and other vital signs will be watched closely. Your blood sugar may also need to be tested often during treatment. If you use the medicine at home, visit your doctor regularly. Do not miss any follow up visits to your doctor for blood or urine tests.

Tell your caregivers if you feel any burning, pain, or swelling around the IV needle when dextrose 5% in water is injected.

Use a disposable needle only once. Throw away used needles in a puncture-proof container (ask your pharmacist where you can get one and how to dispose of it). Keep this container out of the reach of children and pets.

Call your doctor if your symptoms do not improve, or if they get worse while using dextrose 5% in water.

Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Do not freeze.

What happens if I miss a dose?
Call your doctor for instructions if you miss a dose of dextrose 5% in water.

What happens if I overdose?
Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.

Overdose symptoms may include severe forms of some of the side effects listed in this medication guide.

What should I avoid while using dextrose 5% in water?
Follow your doctor's instructions about any restrictions on food, beverages, or activity.

Dextrose 5% in water side effects
Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Stop using dextrose 5% in water and call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as:

•severe burning, pain, or swelling around the IV needle;

•warmth, redness, oozing, or bleeding where the IV was placed;

•fever, ongoing cough;

•high blood sugar (increased thirst, increased urination, hunger, dry mouth, fruity breath odor, drowsiness, dry skin, blurred vision, weight loss);

•headache, trouble concentrating, memory problems, weakness, feeling unsteady, hallucinations, fainting, seizure, shallow breathing or breathing that stops;

•low potassium (confusion, uneven heart rate, extreme thirst, increased urination, leg discomfort, muscle weakness or limp feeling); or

•anxiety, sweating, pale skin, severe shortness of breath, wheezing, pain, fast or uneven heart rate.

Less serious side effects may include:

•mild irritation around the IV needle;

•upset stomach; or

•swelling in your hands or feet.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.