部份中文前列腺素E1处方资料（仅供参考）
英文名：alprostadil
商品名：VITAROS Creme
中文名：前列腺素E1插入用栓剂
生产商：Apricus GmbH 
药品简介
2010年11月,由Apricus生物科学有限公司开发的前列地尔（alprostadil）局部用制剂Vitaros,用于一线治疗男子勃起功能障碍。前列地尔属血管扩张剂,先前已获准可以阴茎海绵体内注射剂或尿道内插入用栓剂治疗勃起功能障碍。
作用机理：
前列地尔在化学上与前列腺素E1相同，其作用包括海绵体勃起组织中血管的血管舒张和海绵体动脉血流量的增加，从而导致阴茎僵硬。
使用Vitaros后，勃起发作在5至30分钟内。前列地尔在人体内的半衰期很短，勃起的改善可能在给药后1至2小时内持续。
适应症
≥18岁男性勃起功能障碍的治疗，即无法达到或维持足以使性行为令人满意的阴茎勃起。
用法与用量
Vitaros被应用到阴茎的尖端。
Vitaros在100mg乳膏中有200和300mcg前列地尔的两种剂量强度可供选择。应根据需要使用Vitaros来勃起。每个Vitaros AccuDose容器仅供一次性使用，使用后应正确丢弃。效果的发作是在给药后5至30分钟之内。效果持续时间约为1至2小时。但是，实际持续时间将因患者而异。在自我给药之前，应由医疗专业人员对每位患者进行适当的Vitaros给药技术指导。最高使用频率每周不超过2-3次，每24小时仅使用一次。
初始剂量应由医师推荐。特别是在患有严重ED，合并症或对PDE-5抑制剂无效的患者中，可以考虑以300mcg剂量作为起始剂量。那些由于局部副作用而不能耐受300mcg剂量的患者可以滴定为较低的200 mcg剂量。
应向患者提供适当的给药技术，可能的副作用（例如头晕，昏厥）以及需要避免操作机器的信息，直到人们意识到他们对药物的耐受性。在临床试验中，与200mcg组相比，300mcg治疗组的戒断率更高，分别为30％和20％。
给药方式：
建议在应用药物之前小便。取下盖子后，按照以下说明尝试性交前，将Vitaros的所有内容物放入阴茎（肉）尖端的开口5至30分钟：
1.在使用Vitaros之前先洗手。从顶部边缘的中部完全撕开密封条，从小袋中取出AccuDose容器。保存小袋，以便以后丢弃用过的AccuDose容器。
2.用手滚动容器，将单剂量容器中的内容物置于室温。如果提早将小袋从冰箱中取出且内容物已达到室温，则可以避免此步骤。
3.扭转柱塞数次，以确保其容易滑动。然后从AccuDose容器的顶端取下盖子。
4.用一只手握住阴茎的尖端，轻轻挤压以扩大阴茎尖端的开口，同时将其保持在垂直位置（注意，如果您没有割包皮，请先缩回并在扩大阴茎尖端的开口之前，先握住包皮。）
5.用手指握住AccuDose容器的桶，不要将其插入阴茎内，将容器的尖端尽可能靠近阴茎尖端的开口以使乳膏流出沿尿道向下（从膀胱引出的导管，将尿液和精液排到体外）。切记从AccuDose容器中取出所有乳霜。用拇指或手指缓慢但牢固地向下推柱塞，直到所有乳膏都排入阴茎尖端的开口并向下排至尿道。
注意：尽管所有的乳脂都必须从尿道中流下来，这一点很重要，但请注意不要将AccuDose容器的尖端插入阴茎尖端的开口中。
6.保持阴茎直立约30秒钟，以使乳膏渗透。可能会有一些最初不适合阴茎尖端开口的乳霜。覆盖在阴茎尖端开口处的多余乳霜应用手指尖轻轻地移入开口中。不要使用第二个AccuDose来补偿未喷入阴茎尖端开口中的乳脂。施用后不要立即排尿，因为在作用发生之前药物可能会出来。
7.请记住，每剂Vitaros剂量仅适合一次给药。盖好AccuDose容器顶部的盖子，并放入打开的香囊中，根据当地要求折叠并丢弃。
8. Vitaros可能会刺激眼睛。涂抹Vitaros后要洗手。
禁忌症
患有以下任何情况的患者均不得使用Vitaros：
-基础疾病，如体位性低血压，心肌梗塞和晕厥。
-已知对前列地尔或维他罗斯中的任何成分过敏。
-可能使他们容易发狂的疾病，例如镰状细胞性贫血或性状，血小板增多症，红细胞增多症或多发性骨髓瘤或白血病。
-阴茎解剖结构异常，例如严重的尿道下裂，阴茎的解剖变形（例如弯曲）以及尿道炎和龟头炎（阴茎的炎症/感染）患者。
-容易发生静脉血栓形成或患有高粘度综合征，因此容易出现阴茎异常勃起的风险（持续勃起持续4小时或更长时间）。
-不宜将Vitaros用于性行为不宜的患者，如心血管不稳定或脑血管疾病的男性。
-除非夫妻使用避孕套，否则不得将Vitaros与有生育能力的妇女进行性交。
保质期
14个月
一旦打开，请立即使用，丢弃所有未使用的部分。
特殊的储存注意事项
存放在冰箱（2°C-8°C）中。
不要冻结。
在使用前，患者可将未打开的香囊在低于25°C的温度下从冰箱中取出保存长达3天。
在此期间结束时，如果不使用该产品，应将其丢弃。
存放在原始的香囊中以避光。
容器的性质和内容
Vitaros装在单独的小袋中，装在一（1）个AccuDose容器中。 每个单个容器包含100mg奶油。Vitaros可在装有四（4）个容器的单元纸箱中使用。小袋由铝箔/层压板组成。容器组件由聚丙烯和聚乙烯组成。
完整说明资料附件：
https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/5379/smpc
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Vitaros cream (alprostadil)
Erectile dysfunction Alprostadil Takeda
How does it work?
Vitaros cream contains the active ingredient alprostadil, which is a type of medicine called a prostaglandin.
Alprostadil is the same as a naturally occurring chemical called prostaglandin E1. This prostaglandin is thought to cause some types of blood vessels to widen by relaxing the thin layer of muscle found in the vessel wall.
An erection is produced via a complex chain of events, involving signals from the nervous system and the release of active chemicals, including prostaglandin E1 within the tissues of the penis. These chemicals cause blood vessels entering the penis to widen, allowing more blood to enter, and other blood vessels leaving the penis to constrict, stopping blood from leaving the penis.
Prostaglandin E1 plays an important role in this process and alprostadil, when administered directly into opening at the end of the penis (urethra), will ultimately cause the penis to become rigid and erect by increasing the blood flow into its tissues.
Vitaros cream is applied to the tip of the penis from a single dose container called the AccuDose container. It should produce an erection within 5 to 30 minutes.
What is it used for?
Treating erectile dysfunction (impotence).
How do I use it?
It is important to carefully follow your doctor's instructions and the instructions provided with the medicine.
Vitaros cream is applied to the tip of the penis using the AccuDose container. To do this you widen the opening of the penis with one hand and with the other hand hold the AccuDose container with the tip just over the opening of the penis. Push down the plunger until all the cream is pushed out of the container. DO NOT INSERT THE TIP OF THE ACCUDOSE CONTAINER INTO THE OPENING OF THE PENIS.
?Hold the penis upright for 30 seconds to allow the cream to penetrate. It is likely that excess cream will remain on the tip of the penis. You should rub this gently into the skin around the opening of the penis with a fingertip.
Wash your hands after applying the cream, as it can irritate the eyes if you accidentally get it in them.
Each AccuDose container contains one dose of Vitaros cream. It is only used once and then discarded. Replace the cap on the container after use and put it back in the sachet to dispose of it.
After administration it will take about 5 to 30 minutes for an erection to develop. The effects of the medicine can last for one to two hours.
Do not use more than one dose in any 24 hour period.
Do not use more than two or three doses in any seven days.
The unopened sachets containing the AccuDose containers should be stored in a fridge at 2-8oC. Do not freeze them. However, they may be kept out of the fridge below 25oC for up to three days before use. (If they are not used in this time they should be disposed of.)
Warning!
This medicine may make you feel dizzy for up to two hours after using it. As a result it could reduce your ability to drive or operate machinery safely. Do not drive or operate machinery until you know how this medicine affects you and you are sure it won't affect your performance.
When using Vitaros cream it is recommended that you use a condom during sex, including oral and anal sex, because Vitaros cream may have side effects on your partner, for example vaginal irritation.
This medicine will not protect you or your partner from sexually transmitted diseases. Using a condom can provide this protection.
If your erection lasts longer than four hours (priapism), consult a doctor immediately. Treatment of this condition should not be delayed more than six hours, as this can cause damage to the erectile tissue in the penis and irreversible erectile dysfunction.
Use with caution in
Men with decreased liver function.
Men with decreased kidney function.