部份中文福爱力处方资料（仅供参考）
药品名称：威霉素，福爱力，新红康
英文名：Erythromycin, EM, EMU-V, Eryc, Ethryn, E-Mycin, Gluceptate, Ilotycin
成分
由链霉素Stretomyces erythreus所产生，是碱性抗生素。其游离碱供口服用，乳糖酸盐供注射用。此外，尚有其琥珀酸乙酯（琥乙红霉素）、丙酸酯的十二烷基硫酸盐（依托红霉素）供药用。
性状
红霉素为白色或类白色的结晶或粉末；无臭，味苦；微有引湿性。在甲醇、乙醇或丙酮中易溶，在水中极微溶解。
药物作用
抗菌谱与青霉素近似，对革兰阳性菌，如葡萄球菌、化脓性链球菌、绿色链球菌、肺炎链球菌、粪链球菌、梭状芽孢杆菌、白喉杆菌等有较强的抑制作用。对革兰阴性菌，如淋球菌、螺旋杆菌、百日咳杆菌、布氏杆菌、军团菌、以及流感嗜血杆菌、拟杆菌也有相当的抑制作用。此外，对支原体、放线菌、螺旋体、立克次体、衣原体、奴卡菌、少数分枝杆菌和阿米巴原虫有抑制作用。金黄色葡萄球菌对本品易耐药。
适应证抗菌谱与青霉素相似，且对支原体，衣原体，立克次体等及军团菌有抗菌作用。适用于支原体肺炎、沙眼衣原体引起的新生儿结膜炎、婴儿肺炎、生殖泌尿道感染(包括非淋病性尿道炎)、军团菌病、白喉(辅助治疗)及白喉带菌者、皮肤软组织感染、百日咳、敏感菌(流感杆菌、肺炎球菌、溶血性链球菌、葡萄球菌等)引起的呼吸道感染(包括肺炎)、链球菌咽峡炎、李斯德菌感染、风湿热的长期预防及心内膜炎的预防、空肠弯曲菌肠炎，以及淋病、梅毒、痤疮等。
不良反应及注重事项胃肠道反应有腹泻、恶心、呕吐、胃绞痛、口舌疼痛、胃纳减退等，其发生率与剂量大小有关。过敏反应表现为药物热、皮疹、嗜酸粒细胞增多等，发生率为0.5～1％。孕妇及哺乳期妇女慎用。
必须注重：
1.红霉素为抑菌性药物，给药应按一定时间间隔进行，以保持体内药物浓度，利于作用发挥。
2.红霉素片应整片吞服，若服用药粉，则受胃酸破坏而发生降效。幼儿可服用对酸稳定的酯化红霉素。金黄色葡萄球菌对本品易耐药。
3.与β-内酰胺类药物联合应用。一般认为可发生降效作用。
4.本品可阻挠性激素类的肝肠循环、与口服避孕药合用可使之降效。
5.红霉素在酸性输液中破坏降效，一般不应与低ｐＨ的葡萄糖输液配伍。在5％～10％葡萄糖输液500ｍｌ中，添加维生素Ｃ注射液（抗坏血酸钠1ｇ）或5％碳酸氢钠注射液0.5ｍｌ使ｐＨ升高到6左右，再加红霉素乳糖酸盐，则有助稳定。
药物相互作用
1、β-内酰胺类药物与本品联合应用，一般认为可发生降效作用。
2、本品可阻挠性激素类的肠肝循环，与口服避孕药合用可使之降效。
3、红霉素在酸性输液中破坏降效，一般不应与低pH的葡萄糖输液配伍。在5%-10%葡萄糖输液500ml中，添加维生素C注射液（抗坏血酸1g）或5%碳酸氢钠注射液0.5ml使pH升到6左右，再加红霉素乳糖盐，则有助稳定。
用法及用量
口服，成人一日1～2g,分3～4次服。小儿每日按体重30～50mg/kg，分3～4次服。治疗军团菌病，成人每日2～4g，分4次服。
治疗沙眼、结膜炎、角膜炎、用眼膏涂于眼睑内。
静滴：
每6小时1次，每千克体重用3.75～5ｍｇ。必要时１次可增至每千克体重10ｍｇ。用时，将乳糖酸红霉素溶于10ｍｌ灭菌注射用水中，再添加到输液500ｍｌ中，缓慢滴入（最后稀释浓度一般为>=0.1％）。
Eryc (Erythromycin) - Description and Clinical Pharmacology
ADVERSE REACTIONS
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of ERYC® and other antibacterial drugs, ERYC should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria.
DESCRIPTION
ERYC capsules contain enteric-coated pellets of erythromycin base for oral administration. Each ERYC capsule contains 250 mg of erythromycin base. Also contains: lactose NF, povidone USP, FD&C Yellow #6 and other ingredients. The capsule shell contains gelatin NF, titanium dioxide USP, FD&C Yellow #6.
Erythromycin is produced by a strain of Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly Streptomyces erythraeus) and belongs to the macrolide group of antibiotics. It is basic and readily forms salts with acids but it is the base which is microbiologically active. Erythromycin base is (3 R *, 4 S *, 5 S *, 6 R *, 7 R *, 9 R *, 11 R *, 12 R *, 13 S *, 14 R *)-4-[(2,6-Dideoxy-3- C -methyl-3- O -methyl-α-L- ribo -hexopyranosyl)oxy]-14-ethyl-7,12,13-trihydroxy-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-6-[[3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-β-D- xylo -hexopyranosyl]oxy]-oxacyclotetradecane-2,10-dione.
ERYTHROMYCIN
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Orally administered erythromycin base and its salts are readily absorbed in the microbiologically active form. Interindividual variations in the absorption of erythromycin are, however, observed, and some patients do not achieve acceptable serum levels. Erythromycin is largely bound to plasma proteins, and the freely dissociating bound fraction after administration of erythromycin base represents 90% of the total erythromycin absorbed. After absorption, erythromycin diffuses readily into most body fluids. In the absence of meningeal inflammation, low concentrations are normally achieved in the spinal fluid, but the passage of the drug across the blood-brain barrier increases in meningitis. The drug is excreted in human milk. The drug crosses the placental barrier, but fetal plasma levels are low. Erythromycin is not removed by peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis.
In the presence of normal hepatic function erythromycin is concentrated in the liver and is excreted in the bile; the effect of hepatic dysfunction on biliary excretion of erythromycin is not known. After oral administration, less than 5% of the administered dose can be recovered in the active form in the urine.
The enteric coating of pellets in ERYC capsules protects the erythromycin base from inactivation by gastric acidity. Because of their small size and enteric coating, the pellets readily pass intact from the stomach to the small intestine and dissolve efficiently to allow absorption of erythromycin in a uniform manner. After administration of a single dose of a 250 mg ERYC capsule, peak serum levels in the range of 1.13 to 1.68 mcg/mL are attained in approximately 3 hours and decline to 0.30 to 0.42 mcg/mL in 6 hours. Optimal conditions for stability in the presence of gastric secretion and for complete absorption are attained when Erythromycin is taken on an empty stomach.
Microbiology:
Erythromycin acts by inhibition of protein synthesis by binding 50 S ribosomal subunits of susceptible organisms. It does not affect nucleic acid synthesis. Antagonism has been demonstrated in vitro between erythromycin and clindamycin, lincomycin, and chloramphenicol.
Many strains of Haemophilus influenzae are resistant to erythromycin alone but are susceptible to erythromycin and sulfonamides used concomitantly.
Staphylococci resistant to erythromycin may emerge during a course of therapy.
Erythromycin has been shown to be active against most strains of the following microorganisms both in vitro and in clinical infections as described in the INDICATIONS AND USAGE section.
Gram-positive Organisms:
  Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  Corynebacterium minutissimum
  Listeria monocytogenes
  Staphylococcus aureus (resistant organisms may emerge during treatment)
  Streptococcus pneumoniae
  Streptococcus pyogenes
Gram-negative Organisms:
  Bordetella pertussis
  Haemophilus influenzae
  Legionella pneumophila
  Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Other Microorganisms:
  Chlamydia trachomatis
  Entamoeba histolytica
  Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  Treponema pallidum
  Ureaplasma urealyticum
Susceptibility Tests:
Dilution techniques:
Quantitative methods are used to determine antimicrobial minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC’s). These MIC’s provide estimates of the susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobial compounds. The MIC’s should be determined using a standardized procedure. Standardized procedures are based on a dilution method1 (broth or agar) or equivalent with standardized inoculum concentrations and standardized concentrations of erythromycin powder. The MIC values should be interpreted according to the following criteria:
MIC (μg/mL)  Interpretation 
≤ 0.5 Susceptible (S)
1 - 4 Intermediate (I)
≥ 8 Resistant (R)
A report of “Susceptible” indicates that the pathogen is likely to be inhibited if the antimicrobial compound in the blood reaches the concentrations usually achievable. A report of “Intermediate” indicates that the result should be considered equivocal, and, if the microorganism is not fully susceptible to alternative, clinically feasible drugs, the test should be repeated. This category implies possible clinical applicability in body sites where the drug is physiologically concentrated or in situations where high dosage of drug can be used. This category also provides a buffer zone which prevents small uncontrolled technical factors from causing major discrepancies in interpretation. A report of “Resistant” indicates that the pathogen is not likely to be inhibited if the antimicrobial compound in the blood reaches the concentrations usually achievable; other therapy should be selected.
Standardized susceptibility test procedures require the use of laboratory control microorganisms to control the technical aspects of the laboratory procedures. Standard erythromycin powder should provide the following MIC values:
Microorganism  MIC (μg/mL) 
S. aureus ATCC 29213 0.12 - 0.5
Diffusion techniques:
Quantitative methods that require measurement of zone diameters also provide reproducible estimates of the susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobial compounds. One such standardized procedure2 requires the use of standardized inoculum concentrations. This procedure uses paper disks impregnated with 15 μg erythromycin to test the susceptibility of microorganisms to erythromycin.
Reports from the laboratory providing results of the standard single-disk susceptibility test with a 15 μg erythromycin disk should be interpreted according to the following criteria:
Zone diameter (mm)  Interpretation 
≥ 23 Susceptible (S)
14 - 22 Intermediate (I)
≤ 13 Resistant (R)
Interpretation should be as stated above for results using dilution techniques. Interpretation involves correlation of the diameter obtained in the disk test with the MIC for erythromycin.
As with standardized dilution techniques, diffusion methods require the use of laboratory control microorganisms that are used to control the technical aspects of the laboratory procedures. For the diffusion technique, the 15 μg erythromycin disk should provide the following zone diameters in these laboratory test quality control strains:
Microorganism  Zone Diameter (mm) 
S. aureus ATCC 25923 22 - 30