部份中文头孢氨苄处方资料（仅供参考）
药物分类名称
持续口服头孢类抗生素制剂
欧文商標名
L-Keflex
一般的名称：セファレキシン（JAN）［日局］
Cefalexin
略号：CEX
化学名：(6R,7R)-7-[(2R)-2-Amino-2-phenylacetylamino]-3-methyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
分子式：C16H17N3O4S
分子量：347.39
化学構造式：
性状：
白色至浅黄色白色结晶或结晶性粉末。
微溶于水，难溶于甲醇，难溶于乙醇（95）或N，N-二甲基甲酰胺。
它是吸湿性的。
熔点：约170℃（分解）
分配系数：0.14 [pH 7.2，1-辛醇/缓冲液]
特性·剂型
它是一种非常浅色的颗粒，具有轻微的异味。
药效药理
1. 药理作用
抗菌作用
头孢氨苄在葡萄球菌，链球菌，肺炎链球菌，大肠杆菌，克雷伯菌，变形杆菌/ Mirabilis体外表现出抗菌活性
2. 作用机序
它通过抑制细菌细胞壁合成发挥抗菌作用，其作用是杀菌。
适应病症
<适应性真菌种类>
易感葡萄球菌，链球菌，肺炎球菌，大肠杆菌，克雷伯菌，变形杆菌
<适应症>
○表面皮肤感染，深层皮肤感染，淋巴管/淋巴结炎，慢性脓皮炎
○继发感染如创伤·烧伤和手术伤口，乳腺炎
○咽喉/喉炎继发感染，扁桃体炎（包括杏仁核），急性支气管炎，肺炎，慢性呼吸道病变
○膀胱炎，肾盂肾炎，前列腺炎（急性，慢性）
○胆碱性炎
○泪囊炎，气道炎
外耳炎，中耳炎，鼻窦炎
○牙周炎症，经皮炎症，眩晕，牙齿伤口继发感染和口腔手术伤口
用法与用量
通常，对于体重20kg以上的成人和儿童，每天1g（效力）被分为头孢氨苄两次，并在早上和晚餐后口服给药。
对于严重病例或分离株敏感性相对较低的病例，将头孢氨苄分为两剂，每天2g（效力），并在早餐和晚饭后口服给药。
此外，应该根据年龄，体重和症状增加或减少。
禁忌
（不要为下一位病人服用）
患有这种药物成分的休克史的患者
存储方式·到期日等
保存方法
气密容器·室温下存放
到期日
外箱等显示（使用期限2年）
包装规格
颗粒：
SP 100克（1克×100粒），
SP 500克（1克×500粒）
製造販売元
塩野義製薬株式会社
完整说明书附件：http://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/pack/6132002E2030_1_11/
Name of drug classification
Sustained oral cephem antibiotic preparation
Sales name
L-Keflex granule
Common name:
Cephalexin (JAN) [Japan Bureau]
Cefalexin
Abbreviation:
CEX
Chemical name:
3-methyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] oct-2-ene- 2- (2R) -2-Amino-2-phenylacetylamino] carboxylic acid
Molecular formula:
C 16 H 17 N 3 O 4 S
Molecular weight:
347.39
Chemical structural formula:
Property:
White to pale yellow white crystal or crystalline powder.
It is slightly soluble in water, hardly soluble in methanol, and hardly soluble in ethanol (95) or N, N-dimethylformamide.
It is hygroscopic.
Melting point:
About 170 ° C (decomposition)
Partition coefficient:
0.14 [pH 7.2, 1-octanol/buffer]
composition
Ingredients/content [in 1 pack (1g)]:
Cephalexin 500 mg (potency)
Gastric-soluble particles: cephalexin 150 mg (potency)
Enteric granules: Cephalexin 350 mg (potency)
Additive:
Hydroxypropyl cellulose, D-mannitol, methyl cellulose, talc, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose acetate succinate, triethyl citrate, white beeswax, hydrous silicon dioxide, yellow No. 5
Contraindication
Patients with a history of shock due to ingredients of this drug
Indication or effect
Adaptive bacterial species
Susceptible staphylococcus, streptococcus, pneumococcus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus · Mirabilis
Indication
○ superficial skin infections, deep skin infections, lymphatic vessels · lymph nodeitis, chronic pyoderma ** secondary infections such as trauma · burns and surgical wounds, mastitis * o pharyngo / laryngitis, tonsils Second infection of flame (including amygdalaitis), acute bronchitis, pneumonia, chronic respiratory lesion secondary infection * ○ cystitis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis (acute disease, chronic) * bartholinitis ** dacryocystitis, O stomatitis * O otitis externa, otitis media, sinusitis * o Periodontal tissue inflammation, periangitalitis, jawitis, secondary infection of tooth wound and oral surgery wound
* For adults and children with a body weight of 20 kg or more, usually 1 g of potato (titer) is divided into two times as cephalexin and orally administered in the morning and after dinner.
For severe cases or cases where the sensitivity of isolates is relatively low, cephalexin is divided into two doses of 2 g per day (potency) and administered orally in the morning and after dinner.
Incidentally, it should be increased or decreased according to age, body weight and symptoms.
In using this drug, in order to prevent the development of resistant bacteria etc., in principle, sensitivity should be confirmed and administration should be limited to the minimum period necessary for treatment of the disease.
Careful Administration
Patients with a history of hypersensitivity to penicillin antibiotics
A patient having a constitution which is likely to cause an allergic symptom such as bronchial asthma, rash, urticaria or the like by himself, parents or brothers
Patient with advanced renal impairment [As the blood concentration will last, decrease dosage or use at intervals. ]
Patient with poor oral intake or parenteral nutrition, patient with poor general condition [Vitamin K deficiency symptoms may occur, so observe thoroughly. ]
Elderly [see "Administration to elderly people"]
Serious side effects
Shock and anaphylactoid symptoms (less than 0.1%): Since shock and anaphylactoid symptoms (dyspnea, general flushing, edema, etc.) may occur, observation should be done sufficiently, and when symptoms appeared, administration is discontinued ,Taking the necessary steps.
Acute renal failure (less than 0.1%): Severe renal disorder such as acute renal failure may appear, so observe thoroughly by periodically conducting examination and if abnormality is found, discontinue administration Appropriate measures should be taken.
Hemolytic anemia (less than 0.1%): Hemolytic anemia may occur. If abnormalities are found, administration should be discontinued and appropriate measures should be taken.
Pseudomembranous colitis (less than 0.1%): Serious colitis accompanied by bloody stools such as pseudomembranous colitis may occur. If abdominal pain or frequent diarrhea appears, take appropriate measures such as immediately discontinue administration.
Skin mucosa ocular syndrome (Stevens-Johnson syndrome), toxic epidermal necrosis (Lyell syndrome) (less than 0.1%): skin mucosa ocular syndrome (Stevens-Johnson syndrome), toxic epidermal necrosis (Lyell syndrome) As there are sufficient observations, if such symptoms appear, discontinue administration and take appropriate measures.
Interstitial pneumonia, PIE syndrome (less than 0.1%): Interstitial pneumonia accompanied by fever, cough, dyspnea, chest X-ray abnormality, eosinophilia etc., PIE syndrome, etc. may appear. If symptoms appear, administration should be discontinued and appropriate measures such as adrenocortical hormone drug administration should be taken.
Medicinal pharmacology
Pharmacological action
Antibacterial action
Cephalexin exhibits antibacterial activity in Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus / Mirabilis in vitro.
Mechanism of action
It exerts antibacterial action by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, and its action is bactericidal.