| 简介：
部分中文阿莫西林处方信息（仅供参考）
中文别名：阿莫西林、羟氨苄青霉素、阿摩青霉素、阿摩西林
英文别名：Amoxipen、Amoxycillin Trihydrate、Clamoxil、Daxipen
药品类别：青霉素类抗生素
药理药动
药效学
参阅青霉素钠。本品能抑制细菌的细胞壁的合成，使之迅速成为球形体而破裂溶解，而氨苄西林主要干扰细菌中膈细胞壁，使细菌形成丝状体，故本品的杀菌作用优于氨苄西林。对某些链球菌和沙门菌属的作用，较苄西林为强，但对志贺菌属的作用较弱。
药动学
口服后迅速吸收，约75～90％可自胃肠道吸收。口服0.25、0.5和 lg后的血药峰浓度分别为 5.1、10.8和20.6μg/ml，约为氨苄西林的 2倍；达峰时间为 2小时。食物对药物吸收的影响不显著。肌内注射阿莫西林钠500mg的血药峰浓度为 l4μg/ml，与口服同剂量的峰浓度相仿，达峰时间为l小时。静脉推注阿莫西林钠500mg后 5分钟的血药浓度为42.6μg/ml，5小时后为1μg/ml。肺炎或慢性支气管炎急性发作病人口服本品 500mg后 2～3和6小时的痰中平均浓度分别为O.52和0.53μg/ml，同期的血药浓度分别为ll和 3.5μg/ml。口服本品后2小时的唾液中浓度为0.32μg/ml。慢性中耳炎儿童口服本品 lg后 l～2小时，中耳液中的药物浓度为 6.2μg/ml，显然高于氨苄西林。给结核性脑膜炎病人口服本品 1.0g后 2小时的脑脊液浓度为 0.l～1.5μg／ml，相当于同期血药浓度的 0.9～21.1％。静脉注射本品2g后 1.5小时脑脊液浓度达2.9～40.0μg/ml，为血清浓度的8～93％。本品可通过胎盘，脐带血中浓度为母体血药浓度的l/4～l/3。乳汁、汗液和泪液中含有微量。本品的分布容积为0.41L/kg.蛋白结合率为 17～20％。Ｔ1/2为1～1.3小时。单次口服本品250和500mg后，分别有 24％和 33％的给药量在肝内代谢。约 60％的口服药量于 6小时内以原形药经肾小球滤过和肾小管分泌，自尿中排出，20％的口服量则以青霉噻唑酸自尿中排泄。尿中阿莫西林浓度很高，口服 250mg后尿中浓度达0.3～1.3mg/ml。部分药物经胆汁排泄，其浓度也高于氨苄西林。丙磺舒可延缓本品经肾排泄，血液透析能消除本品，腹膜透析无清除本品的作用。
适 应 症
本品用以治疗伤寒、其他沙门菌感染和伤寒带菌者可获得满意疗效；其治疗伤寒的临床、细菌学和体温反应优于氯霉素。治疗敏感细菌所致的尿路感染也获得良好疗效，对感染限于下尿路的患者，口服单次剂量 3g即可获得满意疗效。肺炎球菌、不产青霉素酶金葡菌、溶血性链球菌和流感杆菌所致的耳、鼻、喉感染和软组织感染等皆为适应证。钩端螺旋体病也可用阿莫西林，静脉注射阿莫西林钠治疗流感杆菌感染的疗效与氨苄西林钠同。口服本品治慢性支气管炎急性发作的疗效与复方磺胺甲恶唑相仿，但复发率较后者为低。
用法用量
口服。成人一次0.5～1g，每6～8小时一次；小儿每日按体重 40～80mg／kg，分 3～4次服用。
治疗无并发症的急性尿路感染可予以单次口服本品3g即可，也可于 10～12小时后再增加一次3g剂量。单次3g剂量也可用以预防感染性心内膜炎或治疗淋病，前者于口腔内手术(如拔牙)前 1小时给予，后者常加用丙磺舒 1g。
新生儿和早产儿按体重每次口服 50mg／kg，12小时一次；感染严重者可每 8小时一次。
晚期肾功能衰竭病人的半衰期可自正常的0.9～2.3小时延长至 5～20小时；因此在肾小球滤过率为 10～50ml/min和小于 10ml／min时的病人，其给药间期应分别为 8～12小时和 16小时。血液透析可影响血药浓度，每次血液透析后应予以1g阿莫西林，并于 12～16小时内重复给药。
肌内注射或稀释后静脉滴注，一次0.5～1g，一日3～4次；小儿按体重每日 50～100mg/kg，分 3～4次给药。
不良反应
临床应用本品副作用的发生率约为5～6％。因反应而停药者约2％。腹泻、恶心、呕吐等胃肠道反应较为多见，占 3.1%；次为皮疹，占2％，易发生于传染性单核细胞增多症者。此外尚有药物热、哮喘等。少数病人的血清转氨酶升高，偶有嗜酸粒细胞增多和白细胞降低。由念珠菌或耐药菌引起的二重感染也可见到。
可引起胃肠道反应：恶心, 呕吐, 食欲不振, 腹胀, 腹泻.个别病例嗜酸性粒细胞增多,轻度或暂时性粒细胞减少,皮疹. 女性患者外阴搔痒.
可能引起过敏反应：皮疹,药热,面部潮红或苍白,气喘,心悸,胸闷,腹痛,过敏性休克.也可发生延缓型过敏反应.其它参见青霉素G.
本品的不良反应与匹氨西林相似，个别病人有嗜酸性细胞增高和白细胞降低。偶见有念珠菌二重感染发生，女病人可发生外阴瘙痒。胃肠道反应有食欲减退、恶心、呕吐、腹胀、腹泻等。其发生率为1～2％，但也有高达10％者，皮疹发生率约为3～5％，有传染性单核细胞增多症者，易于出现皮疹。
禁忌症
参阅青霉素钠、氨苄西林钠。青霉素过敏者忌用。
药物相互作用
细菌敏感的氨基糖苷类抗生素在亚抑菌浓度时一般可增强本品对粪链球菌体外杀菌作用。棒酸可增强本品对产β-内酰胺酶的细菌的抗菌活性。
剂 型
片剂，胶囊剂，颗粒剂，干混悬剂
amoxicillin tablet 875 mg - oral, Amoxil
USES: Amoxicillin is a penicillin-type antibiotic used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections
.It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections.
It will not work for viral infections (e.g., common cold, flu). Unnecessary use or overuse of any antibiotic can lead to its decreased effectiveness.
HOW TO USE: Take this medication by mouth with or without food, usually every 12 hours, or as directed by your doctor.Drink plenty of fluids while using this medication unless your doctor tells you otherwise.Antibiotics work best when the amount of medicine in your body is kept at a constant level.
Therefore, take this drug at evenly spaced intervals.Continue to take this medication until the full-prescribed amount is finished even if symptoms disappear after a few days. Stopping the medication too early may allow bacteria to continue to grow, which may result in a relapse of the infection.Inform your doctor if your condition persists or worsens.
SIDE EFFECTS: Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea may occur.
If any of these effects persist or worsen, notify your doctor or pharmacist promptly.Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medication because he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects.
Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.Tell your doctor immediately if any of these highly unlikely but very serious side effects occur: dark urine, persistent nausea or vomiting, stomach/abdominal pain, yellowing eyes or skin, easy bruising or bleeding, persistent sore throat or fever.
This medication may rarely cause a severe intestinal condition (Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea)due to a type of resistant bacteria.
This condition may occur during treatment or weeks to months after treatment has stopped. Do not use anti-diarrhea products or narcotic pain medications if you have any of the following symptoms because these products may make them worse. Tell your doctor immediately if you develop: persistent diarrhea, abdominal or stomach pain/cramping, blood/mucus in your stool.Use of this medication for prolonged or repeated periods may result in oral thrush or a new vaginal yeast infection (oral or vaginal fungal infection). Contact your doctor if you notice white patches in your mouth, a change in vaginal discharge or other new symptoms.A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is unlikely, but seek immediate medical attention if it occurs. Symptoms of a serious allergic reaction may include: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.Amoxicillin can commonly cause a mild rash that is usually not serious. However, you may not be able to tell it apart from a rare rash that could be a sign of a severe allergic reaction. Therefore, seek immediate medical attention if you develop any rash.This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.In the US -Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345. |
