部份中文头孢地尼处方资料（仅供参考）
通用名称：头孢地尼
英文名称：Cefdinir
适应症
本品适用于治疗由敏感菌引起的轻度至中度感染。详见包装内部说明书。
用法用量
口服，通常成人每日3次，每次100mg(1粒)。一天最大用药量是600mg(6粒)。(详见说明书)
不良反应
美国3275例患者口服本品600mg/日，其不良反应情况如下。大部分副作用温和且具有自身限制性。无死亡或劳动力永久丧失病例。125例病人由于腹泻或恶心停止用药，17例病人由于出诊停止用药。这些不良反应可能与服用多重剂量头孢地尼有关。(详见说明书)
禁 忌
对头孢菌素药物过敏者禁用。
注意事项
1.一般情况：和其它光谱抗生素一样，长期使用可能会发生意外和耐药菌的增加，必须随时注意观察，治疗期间如果感染加重，需改变治疗方法。和其它广谱抗生素一样，对有结肠炎病史的患者需慎重用药。暂时的或持续的肾功能障碍患者(Clcr﹤30毫升/分)由于服用头孢地尼后血药浓度高且持续时间长，需减少每天的用药量。
2.患者须知：含镁或铝的抗酸药物影响头孢地尼的吸收。如果在服用头孢地尼期间必须服用上述抗酸药物，需间隔2小时以上。铁剂包括含铁的复合维生素影响头孢地尼的吸收。如果在服用头孢地尼期间必须服用上述铁剂药物，需间隔2小时以上。婴儿增铁配方对头孢地尼的吸收没有明显的影响，因此可以与悬浮液同时服用。
儿童用药
童用药参见头孢地尼颗粒说明书。
老年患者用药
根据对患者的临床观察调整剂量和给药间隔：
1.由于身体机能下降，老年患者可能容易出现不良反应。
2.由于维生素K缺乏，老年患者可能会有出血倾向。
孕妇及哺乳期妇女用药
有关妊娠期的用药，其安全性尚未确立。对孕妇或怀疑有妊娠的妇女，用药要权衡利弊，只有在利大于弊的情况下，才能使用。哺乳期妇女用药应权衡利弊，只有在利大于弊的情况下，才能使用。
药物相互作用
本品与下列药物合用时需慎重。铁制剂的体征、症状及治疗为由于可能导致头孢地尼的吸收降低约10%，因此建议避免与此类药物合用。如果合用不能避免，二者的给药间隔应大于3小时；机制及风险因素：本品可与铁离子在肠道中结合，形成一种难以吸收的复合物。华法林钾的体征、症状及治疗为华法林钾的作用可能加强，但尚无二者相互作用的报告；机制及风险因素：本品可能抑制肠道细菌产生维生素K。抗酸药（含铝或镁）的体征、症状及治疗为由于可导致头孢地尼的吸收降低而使其作用减弱，因此应在服用本品2个小时以后方可使用抗酸药物，机制及风险因素机制尚不明确。
药物过量
尚不明确。
药理毒理
头孢地尼为半合成的、广谱的口服第三代头孢菌素，其通过抑制细菌细胞壁的合成产生抗菌作用。本品对革兰氏阳性菌和阴性菌均有抗菌活性，并对大部分β－内酰胺酶稳定，所以许多耐青霉素和头孢菌素的微生物对本品敏感。体外和临床研究表明，本品对以下细菌敏感：革兰氏阳性需氧菌：金黄色葡萄球菌(含产β－内酰胺酶菌) 注意：本品对耐甲氧西林的葡萄球菌属无效。肺炎链球菌(仅对青霉素敏感的菌) 化脓链球菌革兰氏阴性需氧菌：流感嗜血菌(含产β－内酰胺酶菌) 副流感嗜血菌(含产β－内酰胺酶菌) 卡他莫拉菌属(含产β－内酰胺酶菌) 体外试验还表明，革兰氏阳性需氧菌的表皮葡萄球菌(仅对耐甲氧西林的菌)、无乳链球菌和革兰氏阴性需氧菌的异型枸橼酸杆菌、大肠杆菌、鼻硬结克雷伯杆菌、奇异变形杆菌对本品敏感。
药代动力学
血药浓度：–6名健康成人一次空腹口服50、100、200mg（效价）头孢地尼时，约经4小时后可达到血药峰浓度，分别为0.64、1.11和1.74µg/ml，其血浆半衰期为1.6~1.8小时。反分药子 6名健康成人一次空腹和进食后口服100mg（效价）头孢地尼，约经4小时后，可达到血药峰浓度，分别为1.25、0.79µg/ml。进食后给药，其吸收稍有降低。肾功能受损患者一次口服100mg（效价）头孢地尼，血浆半衰期延长与肾受损程度成正比。
贮 藏
避光、密封。
Omnicef Omni-Pac
Generic Name: cefdinir (SEF dih neer)
Brand Names: Omnicef, Omnicef Omni-Pac
What is cefdinir?
Cefdinir is an antibiotic. It fights bacteria in the body.
Cefdinir is used to treat many different types of bacterial infections, such as pneumonia, bronchitis, sinus infections, tonsillitis, ear infections, and skin infections.
Cefdinir may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.
What is the most important information I should know about cefdinir?
Take all of the cefdinir that has been prescribed for you even if you begin to feel better. Your symptoms may start to improve before the infection is completely treated. Do not take antacids that contain aluminum or magnesium, iron supplements, or multivitamins with iron, with a dose of cefdinir. Take these products at least 2 hours before or after a dose of cefdinir to prevent decreased effectiveness of the antibiotic. The cefdinir suspension can be safely administered with iron-fortified infant formula.
What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking cefdinir?
Do not take cefdinir if you have ever had an allergic reaction to another cephalosporin or to a penicillin unless your doctor is aware of the allergy and monitors your therapy.
Before taking cefdinir, tell your doctor if you have
kidney disease, or
a gastrointestinal (digestive) disease such as colitis.
You may not be able to take cefdinir, or you may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring during treatment if you have either of the conditions listed above.
The cefdinir oral suspension contains 2.86 g of sucrose per teaspoon. Individuals with diabetes may need to be aware of the sucrose contained in this suspension.
Cefdinir is in the FDA pregnancy category B. This means that it is unlikely to harm an unborn baby. Talk to your doctor before taking cefdinir if you are pregnant. Cefdinir has not been reported to pass into breast milk. Talk to your doctor before taking cefdinir if you are breast-feeding a baby.
How should I take cefdinir?
Take cefdinir exactly as directed by your doctor. If you do not understand these instructions, ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor to explain them to you.
Take each tablet or capsule with a full glass of water.
Cefdinir can be taken with or without food.
Do not take antacids that contain aluminum or magnesium, iron supplements, or multivitamins with iron, with a dose of cefdinir. Take these products at least 2 hours before or after a dose of cefdinir to prevent decreased effectiveness of the antibiotic. The cefdinir suspension can be safely administered with iron-fortified infant formula. To ensure that you get a correct dose, measure the liquid form of cefdinir with a dose-measuring spoon or cup, not a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist where you can get one. Shake the suspension well before measuring a dose.
Take cefdinir at evenly spaced intervals to keep a constant level of drug in the body.
Take all of the cefdinir that has been prescribed for you even if you begin to feel better. Your symptoms may start to improve before the infection is completely treated. Store the capsules at room temperature away from moisture and heat. The suspension can be stored at room temperature (or refrigerated) for 10 days. Throw away any unused medicine after 10 days.
What happens if I miss a dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember, then try to evenly space the rest of the doses for that day until you can return to a normal schedule. Do not take a double dose of this medication unless otherwise directed by your doctor.
What happens if I overdose?
Seek emergency medical attention.
Symptoms of a cefdinir overdose may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and seizures.
What should I avoid while taking cefdinir?
Do not take antacids that contain aluminum or magnesium, iron supplements, or multivitamins with iron, with a dose of cefdinir. Take these products at least 2 hours before or after a dose of cefdinir to prevent decreased effectiveness of the antibiotic.
Cefdinir side effects
If you experience any of the following serious side effects, stop taking cefdinir and seek emergency medical attention or contact your doctor immediately:
an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of the throat; swelling of the lips, face, or tongue; hives; or a rash);
rash, redness, or itching;
seizures;
severe nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea;
mucous or blood in the stool; or
unusual bleeding or bruising.
Other, less serious side effects may be more likely to occur. Continue to take cefdinir and talk to your doctor if you experience
mild nausea or diarrhea, or
a yeast infection of the mouth or vagina.
Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.
What other drugs will affect cefdinir?
Do not take antacids that contain aluminum or magnesium, iron supplements, or multivitamins with iron, with a dose of cefdinir. Take these products at least 2 hours before or after a dose of cefdinir to prevent decreased effectiveness of the antibiotic. The cefdinir suspension can be safely administered with iron-fortified infant formula.
Before taking cefdinir, tell your doctor if you are taking any of the following medicines
probenecid (Benemid), or
another antibiotic.
You may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring during treatment if you are taking any of the medicines listed above.
Drugs other than those listed here may also interact with cefdinir. Talk to your doctor and pharmacist before taking any prescription or over-the-counter medicines, including herbal products.
Where can I get more information?
Your pharmacist has additional information about cefdinir written for health professionals that you may read.
What does my medication look like?
Cefdinir is available with a prescription under the brand name Omnicef. Other brand or generic formulations may also be available. Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about this medication, especially if it is new to you.
Omnicef 300 mg-lavender and turquoise capsules
Omnicef Oral Suspension 125 mg/5 mL-strawberry flavored, cream colored liquid
Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.
Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc. ("Multum") is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Multum information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Multum does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Multum"s drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Multum"s drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.