部份中文枸橼酸钠处方资料（仅供参考）
中文名：柠檬酸三钠溶液
英文名：trisodium citrate
商品名：Citra-Lock 4%， 46.7%，30%
生产商：
成分：
•本品主要成份为：枸橼酸钠
药理作用：
•本品为输血、储血的抗凝剂。钙为凝血过程中必需物质，可促进凝血活素(凝血因子Ⅲ)，凝血酶和纤维蛋白的形成，以及激活血小板释放凝血因子反应等。本品的枸椽酸根离子与血中钙离子生成难解离的可溶性络合物枸椽酸钙，此络合物易溶于水但不易解离，使血中钙离子减少，凝血过程受到抑制，从而阻止血液凝固。
枸椽酸钠一般在三羧酸循环中完全氧化代谢，其氧化速率接近正常的输血速度。本品作为体外抗凝剂，成人在600ml剂量下输血速度不很快且肝功正常时，不会产生不良反应。当输血速度太快或输血量过大时，因枸椽酸盐不能及时氧化，导致血钙过低，可出现枸椽酸中毒反应。
功能主治：
•本品用作输血、储血的抗凝剂。
•用法用量：
•输血时防止血凝，每100毫升全血中加入2.5%枸椽酸钠溶液10毫升，可使血液不再凝固。
•不良反应：
•在正常输血速度下，本品不会出现不良反应，当输血速度太快或输血量太大（1000ml）以上时，受血者可因血钙过低和代谢性碱中毒而出现口唇发麻、手足抽搐，甚至出血倾向、血压下降，心室颤动或停搏。
•注意事项：
•1.当肝肾功能不全或新生儿酶系统发育不全，不能充分代谢枸椽酸钠，即使缓慢输血也可能出现血钙过低现象，应特别注意。
2.为预防椽酸钠盐中毒反应，大量输血时可静脉注射适量葡萄糖酸钙或氯化钙。一般每输注1000毫升含枸椽酸钠血可静脉注射10%葡萄糖酸钙10毫升或5%氯化钙10毫升，以中和输入的大量枸椽酸钠，防止低钙血症发生。钙剂应单独注射，不能加入血液中，以免发生凝血。
Using Citra-Lock 30%
improves overall patency rates
reduces catheter-related infections
reduces major bleeding for both tunneled an untunneld Central Venous Catheters (CVC)
Anti Microbial
Since the introduction of Citra-Lock (46,7%) to the renal departmant of St.Bard’s renal unit (Royal London Hospital) has proven record in managing MRSA.
The number of MRSA infections has fallen from 2,27/1000 patiens catheter days to 1,36/1000 patiens catheter days.
Citra-Lock intervention provides significant benefit to patiens, provides an extra 2-3 bed days to the hospital an provides savings of € 145.000,- .
Anti Coagulant
Citra-Lock is based on higly concentrated trisodium citrate that prevents clotting and therefore helps maintaining high flow rates whilst greatly reducing the need for Urokinase/tPA and otheter replacements.
Reducing Biofilm
Trisodium citrate (TSC) lowers infection rates by reducing biofilm formation in hemodialysis catheters. The study of Bosma (2009) demonstrates an in vivo reduction of intraluminal catheter biofilm formation and bacterial colonizasion with the use of TSC 30% for HD catheter locking. By this mechanism, prevention of catheter-related infections by TSC can be largely explained.
Increase Safety & Simplified handling
The Citra-Lock vial features a drip free Luer-Slip/Luer-Lock connector:
preventing microbial contaminationluer slip lock
protecting against needle stick injuries
reducing handling steps
promoting intuitive handing
Citra-Lock™ 30% 5ml vial
Boxes contain 20 x 5ml vial
https://www.citra-lock.mx/citra-lock-46