Below are some of the details of Pantoprazole(generic)

Pantoprazole (Sold as Pantotab; Pantopan; Protium; Protonix; Pantozol; Pantor; Pantoloc; Astropan; Controloc; Pantecta; Inipomp; Somac; Ulcepraz; Pantodac) is a proton pump inhibitor drug used for short-term treatment of erosion and ulceration of the esophagus caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease. Initial treatment is generally of eight weeks' duration, after which another eight week course of treatment may be considered if necessary. It can be used as a maintenance therapy for long term use after initial response is obtained. This medication may affect the results of certain lab tests, such as drug screenings (pantoprazole can cause a false positive for THC). It is recommended you make sure laboratory personnel and your doctor know you are using this drug. The active ingredient in Protonix (pantoprazole sodium). Delayed-Release Tablets is a substituted benzimidazole,sodium 5-(difluoromethoxy)-2-[[(3,4-dimethoxy-2-pyridinyl)methyl] sulfinyl]-1 H -benzimidazole sesquihydrate, a compound that inhibits gastric acid secretion.

Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetics
Pantoprazole inhibits H+/K+ ATPase pump function thereby reducing gastric acid secretion. It also has a role in the eradication of H. pylori.

Absorption
Well absorbed; peak plasma concentrations: Approx 2-2.5 hr after oral dose. Oral bioavailability: Approx 77% with enteric-coated formulation (does not vary after single or multiple doses).

Distribution
Protein-binding: 98%; volume of distribution: 11-24 L.

Metabolism
Hepatic; mainly by cytochrome CYP2C19 and slightly by CYP2D6 and CYP2C0.

Excretion
Via urine (approx 80%) and bile (approx 20%). Elimination half life: approx 1 hour (prolonged in hepatic impairment; in patients with cirrhosis the elimination half life may be 3-10 hours).

Pantoprazole Indications / Pantoprazole Uses
Information Not Available

Pantoprazole Adverse Reactions / Pantoprazole Side Effects
Diarrhoea, dizziness, pruritus, skin rashes, GI tract infections, chest pain, headache, nausea, pain, anxiety, hyperglycaemia; malaise or lassitude; myalgia; oedema; insomnia; hyperlipidaemia; flatulence, abdominal pain, constipation, eructation, dyspepsia, rectal disorder; urinary frequency, UTI; abnormalities in liver function; local site reaction; hypertonia, neck pain, weakness; bronchitis, cough, dyspnoea, pharyngitis, rhinitis, sinusitis, upper respiratory tract infection, flu syndrome.

Precautions
Information Not Available

Special Precautions
Long-term therapy may lead to bacterial overgrowth in the GI tract. Hepatic impairment; monitor liver function regularly (if enzymes increase, discontinue); pregnancy; not recommended in children <18 yr; long term use may lead to atrophic gastritis.

Other Drug Interactions
Decreased absorption of ketoconazole and itraconazole; may slightly increase digoxin plasma concentration; may reduce plasma concentration of atazanavir, avoid concomitant use; may enhance anticoagulant effect of coumarins; may cause gastric mucosal irritation with alcohol; may increase levels or effects of: bosentan, dapsone, fluoxetine, glimepiride, glipizide, losartan, montelukast, nateglinide, paclitaxel, phenytoin, warfarin, and zafirlukast; may decrease levels or effects of: aminoglutethimide, carbamazepine, phenytoin, and rifampicin.

Other Interactions
Food Interaction

Long term use (>3 yr) may lead to vitamin B12 malabsorption. May decrease oral absorption of iron salts.
Dosage
Oral
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Adult: 20-40 mg once daily in the morning for 4 wk, increased to 8 wk if necessary. Maintenance: 20-40 mg daily, increased to 40 mg each morning if symptoms return.
Hepatic impairment: Doses >40 mg daily have not been studied in hepatically-impaired patients.

Oral
Peptic ulcer
Adult: 40 mg once daily in the morning for 2-4 wk for duodenal ulceration or 4-8 wk for benign gastric ulceration.
Hepatic impairment: Doses >40 mg daily have not been studied in hepatically-impaired patients.

Oral
H.pylori infection
Adult: Triple therapy: 40 mg bid combined with clarithromycin 500 mg bid and either amoxicillin 1 g bid or metronidazole 400 mg bid.
Hepatic impairment: Doses >40 mg daily have not been studied in hepatically-impaired patients.

Oral
Prevention of NSAID-induced ulcers
Adult: 20 mg daily.
Hepatic impairment: Doses >40 mg daily have not been studied in hepatically-impaired patients.

Oral
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Adult: Initially 80 mg daily, adjusted to individual requirements. Up to 240 mg daily may be used if needed. Daily doses >80 mg should be given in 2 divided doses.
Hepatic impairment: Doses >40 mg daily have not been studied in hepatically-impaired patients.

Intravenous
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Adult: As Na salt: 80 mg once or twice daily. Up to 240 mg daily may be given in divided doses. Convert to oral therapy as soon as possible. Dose to be given as slow inj or short-term infusion over 2-15 minutes.
Hepatic impairment: May need to reduce dose.

Intravenous
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Adult: As Na salt: 40 mg daily. Convert to oral therapy as soon as possible. Dose to be given as slow inj or short-term infusion over 2-15 minutes.
Hepatic impairment: May need to reduce doses.

Intravenous
Peptic ulcer
Adult: As Na salt: 40 mg daily. Convert to oral therapy as soon as possible. Dose to be given as slow inj or short-term infusion over 2-15 minutes.
Hepatic impairment: May need to reduce doses.

Reconstitution
Reconstitute with 10 ml 0.9% sodium chloride (final concentration 4 mg/ml). Reconstituted solution may be given IV (over 2 minutes) or diluted to 100 ml in glucose 5%, 0.9% sodium chloride, or lactated Ringer's and infused over 15 min.

Incompatibility
Y site incompatibility: midazolam and zinc.

Food(before/after)
Normal release: May be taken with or without food.

Controlled-release: Should be taken on an empty stomach. (Take 1 hr before meals. Swallow whole, do not chew/crush.)

List of Contraindications
Pantoprazole and Pregnancy
Caution when used during pregnancy.

Category B: Either animal-reproduction studies have not demonstrated a foetal risk but there are no controlled studies in pregnant women or animal-reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect (other than a decrease in fertility) that was not confirmed in controlled studies in women in the 1st trimester (and there is no evidence of a risk in later trimesters).

Pantoprazole and Lactation
Contraindicated in Lactation.

Pantoprazole and Children
Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

Pantoprazole and Geriatic
In short-term U.S. clinical trials, erosive esophagitis healing rates in the 107 elderly patients (≥ 65 years old) treated with Pantoprazole sodium were similar to those found in patients under the age of 65. The incidence rates of adverse events and laboratory abnormalities in patients aged 65 years and older were similar to those associated with patients younger than 65 years of age.

Pantoprazole and Other Contraindications
Lactation

Storage
Intravenous
IV (before reconstitution) <25 °C.
Once reconstituted, store <25 °C and use within 12 hours.

Oral
Store tablet at 15-30 °C.

Lab interference
May produce false positive urine screening tests for tetrahydrocan.

 







药效学
 【药代动力学
 泮托拉唑抑制H +/ K + ATP酶泵功能，从而减少胃酸分泌。它也有在根除幽门螺旋杆菌的作用。

吸收
 很好地吸收;血药峰浓度：在口服剂量约2-2.5小时。口服生物利用度：约77％与肠溶制剂（没有单剂量或多剂量后发生变化）。

分布
 蛋白结合：98％;分布容积：11-24 L。

代谢
 肝;主要由细胞色素CYP2C19和轻微CYP2D6和CYP2C0。

排泄
 通过尿（约80％）和胆汁（约20％）。消除半衰期：约1小时（延长，肝损害，肝硬化患者的消除半衰期可能是3-10个小时）。

泮托拉唑适应症/泮托拉唑用途
 没有资料

泮托拉唑不良反应/泮托拉唑的副作用
 腹泻，头晕，皮肤瘙痒，皮疹，胃肠道感染，胸痛，头痛，恶心，疼痛，焦虑，高血糖;全身乏力或精神不振;肌痛;水肿;失眠;高脂血症;胀气，腹痛，便秘，嗳气，消化不良，直肠疾病;尿频，尿路感染;异常的肝功能;本地站点的反应;增高，颈部疼痛，四肢无力;支气管炎，咳嗽，呼吸困难，咽炎，鼻炎，鼻窦炎，上呼吸道感染，流感样症状。

注意事项
 没有资料

特别注意事项
 长期治疗可能导致细菌过度生长在胃肠道中。肝损害;定期监测肝功能（如酶升高，停止）;妊娠;不建议在儿童<18岁;长期使用可能导致萎缩性胃炎。

其他药物相互作用
 降低酮康唑和伊曲康唑的吸收;可能会略有增加地高辛的血药浓度;可降低阿扎那韦血浆浓度，避免同时使用;可增强香豆素抗凝血作用;可能会造成胃粘膜的刺激与醇;可以增加水平或效果：波生坦，氨苯砜，氟西汀，格列美脲，格列吡嗪，氯沙坦，孟鲁司特，那格列奈，紫杉醇，苯妥英，华法林，并扎鲁;可能会降低等级或效果：鲁米特，卡马西平，苯妥英钠，利福平。

其他交互
 食物的相互作用

 

长期使用（>3年）可能导致维生素B12吸收不良。可能会降低铁盐口服吸收。


 【用法用量】
 口语
 胃食管反流病
 成人：20〜40毫克，每天早上一次，4周，增加至8周，如果有必要的。保养：20〜40毫克，每天，每天早晨增加至40毫克，如果症状复发。
 肝功能不全：剂量>40 mg，每天都尚未研究经由肝脏受损的患者。

口语
 消化性溃疡
 成人：40 mg，每天早上2-4周为十二指肠溃疡或4-8周良性胃溃疡一次。
 肝功能不全：剂量>40 mg，每天都尚未研究经由肝脏受损的患者。

口语
 幽门螺杆菌感染
 成人：三联疗法：40 mg，每天两次联合克拉霉素500 mg，每天两次，要么阿莫西林1克出价或甲硝唑400毫克的出价。
 肝功能不全：剂量>40 mg，每天都尚未研究经由肝脏受损的患者。

口语
 预防NSAID引起的溃疡
 成人：每日20毫克。
 肝功能不全：剂量>40 mg，每天都尚未研究经由肝脏受损的患者。

口语
 佐 - 埃综合征
 成人：最初80毫克每天，调整为个性化需求。高达240毫克，每天如果需要的话也可以使用。每日剂量>80毫克应在2分剂量给予。
 肝功能不全：剂量>40 mg，每天都尚未研究经由肝脏受损的患者。

静脉
 佐 - 埃综合征
 成人：随着钠盐：80毫克一次或每天两次。高达240毫克，每天可以分剂量给予。转换为口服治疗，尽快。剂量给予缓慢注入电流或短期输注2-15分钟。
 肝损害：可能需要减少剂量。

静脉
 胃食管反流病
 成人：随着钠盐：每日40毫克。转换为口服治疗，尽快。剂量给予缓慢注入电流或短期输注2-15分钟。
 肝损害：可能需要减少剂量。

静脉
 消化性溃疡
 成人：随着钠盐：每日40毫克。转换为口服治疗，尽快。剂量给予缓慢注入电流或短期输注2-15分钟。
 肝损害：可能需要减少剂量。

重组
 重构，用10ml0.9％氯化钠（最终浓度为4毫克/毫升）。重构溶液可给予IV（在2分钟内），或稀释至100 ml，在5％葡萄糖，0.9％氯化钠，或者乳酸化林格氏液和输注15分钟。

不兼容
 Ÿ网站不兼容：咪达唑仑和锌。

食品（前/后）
 正常释放：可采取或没有食物。

控释：应采取空腹。 （坐1小时，饭前，整片吞服，不要咀嚼/压碎。）

禁忌一览
 泮托拉唑与妊娠
 在怀孕期间使用的注意事项。