日本东京--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- (美国商业资讯)--大冢制药株式会社（大冢）今天宣布，Deltyba™（delamanid）已获得欧盟委员会的上市批准，在因耐药或耐受性原因而无法组成有效治疗方案的情况下，该药可作为适当联合治疗方案的一部分，用于成人耐多药肺结核病（MDR-TB）患者的治疗。³

Deltyba是一种杀菌药，具有新型的作用机制，可干扰结核分枝杆菌（MTB）细胞壁的新陈代谢。该药在体外对各类MTB菌株均具有很高的杀菌活性，包括耐一线抗结核药（例如异烟肼和利福平）的菌株。⁴

Deltyba于2008年被认定为孤儿药，这意味着该药是一种用于治疗罕见病的药物。来自9个国家的临床试验结果显示，在接受Deltyba（100毫克，每日2次）联合一个优化的背景方案（OBR）治疗2个月的受试患者中，痰培养转阴（SCC）的比例（45.4%）显著高于接受安慰剂联合一个OBR治疗的患者的SCC比例（29.6%），两者间差异具有统计学意义。SCC是判定患者不再具有传染性的指标。⁵

大冢明彦会长表示：“我很高兴大冢制药开发的新药已经能够在欧洲用于MDR-TB患者的治疗。目前，欧洲的MDR-TB问题很严重。半个世纪前，当利福平问世时，全球的结核病问题似乎就此终结了。然而，我却专门将结核病选定为我们公司的研究课题。我知道必须有人来从事这项研究，因为结核病在亚洲仍是一个重大的公共卫生问题。”

导致对抗结核药产生耐药的原因很多，包括药物使用不当或患者管理不当，例如因潜在药物不良反应而导致患者未完成疗程。⁶ MDR-TB的出现已成为全球关注的焦点。由于MDR-TB患者的治疗时间长达至少20个月，这给患者对治疗方案的依从性带来极大困难。⁷ 从全球来看，仅采用现有抗结核药物治疗MDR-TB患者，其治疗成功率不足50%，这已构成了非常紧迫的未满足的医疗需求。¹

荷兰格罗宁根大学医学中心的MDR-TB专家Wiel de Lange博士说：“结核病领域对治疗MDR-TB的新药期待已久。随着对现有药物耐药率的不断攀升，全球仅有不足一半的MDR-TB患者得到成功的治疗，Deltyba无疑是一个令人期盼的新选择。”

大冢制药社长岩本太郎评论道：“我非常高兴Deltyba作为一种新型的抗结核药获得欧洲上市许可，这是我们研究所创立以来的一个梦想。全世界仍有众多罹患MDR-TB的患者。我希望Deltyba能够为改善结核病治疗做出贡献。”

为确保患者将来能够持久地受益于Deltyba，大冢已投资制定了负有责任的药物使用计划（Responsible Access Programme ，RAP），以帮助防范对该药可能产生的耐药。RAP包含严格的分销控制、有关Deltyba与其他MDR-TB药物合理配伍使用的专业医学教育，以及一个用于追踪使用Deltyba安全性和有效性的全方位的患者登记管理。大冢坚持致力于为服务需求尚未获满足的群体提供Deltyba，并将在耐多药结核病高负担国家和已开展临床试验的国家申请上市许可。

关于Deltyba

Deltyba适用于成人耐多药肺结核病（MDR-TB）患者，在因耐药或耐受性原因而无法对其组成有效治疗方案的情况下，该药可用作适当联合药物治疗方案的组成部分。成人推荐剂量为100毫克，每日2次，疗程24周。³ 临床试验结果显示，在接受Deltyba（100毫克，每日2次）联合一个OBR治疗2个月的受试患者中，45.4%的患者实现了痰培养转阴（SCC），该指标表明患者不再有传染性；相比之下，在接受安慰剂联合一个OBR治疗的患者中，仅有29.6%的患者实现了SCC，前者比后者高53%，两者间差异有统计学意义。⁵

临床试验结果显示，除QT间期延长以外，Deltyba组的不良事件与安慰剂组接近。心电图显示的QT间期延长在Deltyba（100毫克，每日2次）联合OBR组患者中的发生率为9.9%，而在安慰剂联合OBR组患者中的发生率为3.8%。该不良事件未伴有任何临床症状（例如晕厥或心律不齐）。⁵
 

Deltyba 50 mg Filmtabletten - OP300; Filmtablette; Otsuka Novel Products GmbH
Allgemeine Angaben
Eingangsnummer : 2710006
Arzneimittelname: Deltyba 50 mg Filmtabletten - OP300
Darreichungsform : Filmtablette

Administrative Daten
 
Antragsteller:    Otsuka Novel Products GmbH

Verkehrsfähig : ja
Zulassungs-/Reg-Nr.(AMG76) : EU/1/13/875/003
 
Zusammensetzung
 
 
Arzneilich wirksame Bestandteile
ASK-Nr. Stoffname Stoffmenge
   Delamanid    50.mg                               
http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Summary_of_opinion_-_Initial_authorisation/human/002552/WC500155458.pdf

Information
Generic Name: delamanid 
Trade Name: Deltyba 
Entry Type: New molecular entity  
 
Developmental Status
UK: Launched 
EU: Launched 
US: Phase II Clinical Trials 
UK launch Plans: Available only to registered users
Actual UK launch date: 01/05/2014 
Comments
May 14: Launched in the UK 30th May [10,11].
11/06/2014 10:25:47
Apr 14: Approved in the EU for use as part of an appropriate combination regimen for MDR-TB in adults when other therapies are resisted or cannot be tolerated [9].
01/05/2014 12:21:46
Nov 13: EU positive opinion. The CHMP recommends granting a conditional marketing authorisation for Deltyba 50 mg film-coated tablet for treatment of pulmonary multi-drug resistant tubercolosis (MDR-TB) in adults when an effective treatment regimen cannot otherwise be composed for reasons of resistance or tolerability [8].
22/11/2013 14:35:42
Jul 13: EU negative opinion. The CHMP considered that the benefits of delamanid in the treatment of multi-drug resistant TB had not been sufficiently shown; duration of treatment in the main study (two months) was too short & could not be used to predict the effectiveness when delamanid was given for six months, extension and follow-up studies included only pts who had agreed to take part and might not be representative of pts as a whole, and it was not possible to determine the most appropriate dosing for delamanid [7].
26/07/2013 14:19:14
Dec 11: Filed in the EU [3,4]. 
14/08/2012 10:59:44
 
Trial or other data
Oct 12: Open label extension of a PIIb (n=481) study published early online in Eur Resp J. Overall, favourable outcomes were significantly increased in pts in the long-term (≥6 months) treatment group at 74.5% (95% CI 67.7-80.5), vs. 55.0% (48.3-61.6) among those in the short-term (≤2 months) treatment group who were treated with delamanid or placebo for two months, (p<0.001; RR 1.35 [1.17-1.56]). Only two pt deaths (1.0%) occurred in the long-term treatment group, while 19 (8.3%) occurred in the short-term treatment group; this difference was statistically significant (p<0.001; RR = 0.13 [0.03-0.53]) [6].
09/10/2012 17:24:38
Otsuka is conducting a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled PIII trial to assess the safety & efficacy of delamanid 200mg daily for 6 months in pts with pulmonary sputum culture-positive, multidrug-resistant TB (NCT01424670). The primary outcome measure is the proportion of pts who achieve sputum culture conversion at 2 months. The trial is expected to enrol 390 pts in Estonia, Latvia & Lithuania. As of Sep 11, the trial was actively recruiting in Latvia & Lithuania. Data collection for the primary outcome is expected to complete in Aug 13 [4,5]. 
10/08/2012 10:41:43
Jun 12: Results from PIIb trial (n=481) showed a 53% increase in sputum culture conversion (SCC) after two months between study subjects receiving delamanid 100 mg BD plus a background regimen consistent with WHO treatment guidelines compared with subjects receiving placebo plus background regimen alone. 45.4% of subjects in the delamanid 100 mg BD group and 41.9% of subjects in the delamanid 200 mg BD group, vs. 29.6% in the placebo group, achieved SCC in the Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) system after two months of treatment (p=0.008 and 0.039 respectively). [1]
08/06/2012 08:35:37
 
Evidence Based eva luations
EPAR  http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Public_assessment_report/human/002552/WC500166234.pdf
EMA doc  http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/pages/includes/document/open_document.jsp?webContentId=WC500146651
   
References  
Available only to registered users
 Category
BNF Category: Antituberculous drugs (05.01.09)
Pharmacology: a nitro-dihyroimidaz-oxazole derivative that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, inhibiting formation of the mycobacterial cell envelope  
Epidemiology: In 2010 there were 8,587 cases of TB in the UK (13.9 per 100,000), a 6% reduction on the previous year. Higher incidence rates occur in some areas of the UK, and those with incidences >40/100,000 have immunisation policies to prevent spread. Pulmonary TB accounts for 60% of TB in the UK. [2]  
Indication: Tuberculosis 
Additional Details: multi-drug resistant 
 
Method(s) of Administration  
Oral 

Company Information
Name: Otsuka 
US Name: Otsuka 
 
NICE Information
In timetable: No  
When:  /  
1. Name of the medicinal product
Deltyba 50 mg film-coated tablets

2. Qualitative and quantitative composition
Each film-coated tablet contains 50 mg delamanid.

Excipient with known effect: each film-coated tablet contains 100 mg lactose (as monohydrate).

For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.

3. Pharmaceutical form
Film-coated tablet (tablet).

Round, yellow, film-coated tablet.

4. Clinical particulars
 
4.1 Therapeutic indications
Deltyba is indicated for use as part of an appropriate combination regimen for pulmonary multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in adult patients when an effective treatment regimen cannot otherwise be composed for reasons of resistance or tolerability (see sections 4.2, 4.4 and 5.1).

Consideration should be given to official guidance on the appropriate use of antibacterial agents.

4.2 Posology and method of administration
Treatment with delamanid should be initiated and monitored by a physician experienced in the management of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Delamanid must always be administered as part of an appropriate combination regimen for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) (see sections 4.4 and 5.1). Treatment with an appropriate combination regimen should continue after completion of the 24-week delamanid treatment period according to WHO guidelines.

It is recommended that delamanid is administered by directly observed therapy (DOT).

Posology

The recommended dose for adults is 100 mg twice daily for 24 weeks.

Elderly patients (> 65 years of age)

No data are available in the elderly.

Renal impairment

No dose adjustment is considered necessary in patients with mild or moderate renal impairment. There are no data on the use of delamanid in patients with severe renal impairment and its use is not recommended (see sections 4.4 and 5.2).

Hepatic impairment

No dose adjustment is considered necessary in patients with mild hepatic impairment. Delamanid is not recommended in patients with moderate to severe hepatic impairment (see sections 4.4 and 5.2).

Paediatric population

The safety and efficacy of delamanid in children and adolescents below 18 years has not yet been established.

No data are available.

Method of administration

For oral use.

Delamanid should be taken with food.

4.3 Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.

- Serum albumin < 2.8 g/dL (see section 4.4 regarding use in patients with serum albumin ≥2.8 g/dL)

- Taking medicinal products that are strong inducers of CYP3A (e.g. carbamazepine).

4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
There are no data on treatment with delamanid for more than 24 consecutive weeks.

There are no clinical data on the use of delamanid to treat

- extra pulmonary tuberculosis (e.g. central nervous system, bone)

- infections due to Mycobacterial species other than those of the M. tuberculosis complex

- latent infection with M. tuberculosis

There are no clinical data on the use of delamanid as part of combination regimens used to treat drug-susceptible M. tuberculosis.

Delamanid must only be used in an appropriate combination regimen for MDR-TB treatment as recommended by WHO to prevent development of resistance to delamanid.

Resistance to delamanid has occurred during treatment. The risk of selecting for resistance to delamanid appears to be increased when it is used with few agents predicted to be active and/or when these additional agents were not among those deemed to be most effective against M. tuberculosis. In addition, limited clinical data indicate that the addition of delamanid to regimens for treating MDR-TB that were resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid but otherwise susceptible, gave the highest efficacy whereas use of delamanid as part of the best available regimens that could be constructed for treating XDR-TB was associated with the lowest efficacy.

QT prolongation

QT prolongation has been observed in patients treated with delamanid. This prolongation increases slowly over time in the first 6-10 weeks of treatment and remains stable therafter. QTc prolongation is very closely correlated with the major delamanid metabolite DM-6705. Plasma albumin and CYP3A regulate the formation and metabolism of DM-6705 respectively (see Special Considerations below).

Magnitude of QT interval prolongation effect

In a placebo controlled study in MDR-TB patients receiving 100 mg delamanid twice daily the mean placebo corrected increases in QTcF from baseline were 7.6 ms at 1 month and 12.1 ms at 2 months. 3% of patients experienced an increase of 60 ms or greater at some point during the trial and 1 patient exhibited a QTcF interval > 500 ms (see section 4.8). No cases of Torsades de Pointes or temporally related events suggestive of proarrhythmias occurred.

General recommendations

It is recommended that electrocardiograms (ECG) should be obtained before initiation of treatment and monthly during the full course of treatment with delamanid. If a QTcF >500 ms is observed either before the first dose of delamanid or during delamanid treatment, treatment with delamanid should either not be started or should be discontinued. If the QTc interval duration exceeds 450/470 ms for male/female patients during delamanid treatment, these patients should be administered more frequent ECG monitoring. It is also recommended that serum electrolytes, e.g. potassium, are obtained at baseline and corrected if abnormal.

Special Considerations

Cardiac risk factors

Treatment with delamanid should not be initiated in patients with the following risk factors unless the possible benefit of delamanid is considerd to outweigh the potential risks. Such patients should receive very frequent monitoring of ECG throughout the full delamanid treatment period.

-
 Known congenital prolongation of the QTc-interval or any clinical condition known to prolong the QTc interval or QTc > 500 ms.
 
-
 History of symptomatic cardiac arrhythmias or with clinically relevant bradycardia.
 
-
 Any predisposing cardiac conditions for arrhythmia such as severe hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy (including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) or congestive cardiac failure accompanied by reduced left ventricle ejection fraction.
 
-
 Electrolyte disturbances, particularly hypokalaemia, hypocalcaemia or hypomagnesaemia.
 
-
 Taking medicinal products that are known to prolong the QTc interval. These include (but are not limited to):
 
 -
 Antiarrhythmics (e.g. amiodarone, disopyramide, dofetilide, ibutilide, procainamide, quinidine, hydroquinidine, sotalol).
 
 -
 Neuroleptics (e.g. phenothiazines, sertindole, sultopride, chlorpromazine, haloperidol, mesoridazine, pimozide, or thioridazine), antidepressive agents.
 
 -
 Certain antimicrobial agents, including:
 
 -
 macrolides (e.g. erythromycin, clarithromycin)
 
 -
 moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin (see section 4.4 regarding use with other fluoroquinolones)
 
 -
 triazole antifungal agents
 
 
 
 -
 pentamidine
 
 
 
 -
 saquinavir
 
 -
 Certain non-sedating antihistamines (e.g. terfenadine, astemizole, mizolastine).
 
-
 Cisapride, droperidol, domperidone, bepridil, diphemanil, probucol, levomethadyl, methadone, vinca alkaloids, arsenic trioxide.
 
Hypoalbuminaemia

In a clinical study, the presence of hypoalbuminaemia was associated with an increased risk of prolongation of the QTc interval in delamanid treated patients. Delamanid is contraindicated in patients with albumin <2.8 g/dL (see section 4.3). Patients who commence delamanid with serum albumin <3.4 g/dL or experience a fall in serum albumin into this range during treatment should receive very frequent monitoring of ECGs throughout the full delamanid treatment period.

Co-administration with strong inhibitors of CYP3A

Co-administration of delamanid with a strong inhibitor of CYP3A (lopinavir/ritonavir) was associated with a 30% higher exposure to the metabolite DM-6705, which has been associated with QTc prolongation. Therefore if co-administration of delamanid with any strong inhibitor of CYP3A is considered necessary it is recommended that there is very frequent monitoring of ECGs, throughout the full delamanid treatment period.

Co-administration of delamanid with quinolones

All QTcF prolongations above 60 ms were associated with concomitant fluoroquinolone use. Therefore if co-administration is considered to be unavoidable in order to construct an adequate treatment regimen for MDR-TB it is recommended that there is very frequent monitoring of ECGs throughout the full delamanid treatment period.

Hepatic impairment

Deltyba is not recommended in patients with moderate to severe hepatic impairment (see sections 4.2 and 5.2).

HIV-infected patients

There is no experience of the use of delamanid in patients receiving concomitant therapy against HIV (see section 4.5).

Limitation of data on the efficacy of delamanid

Current evidence is derived from one randomised controlled trial of 2 months duration and an open extension trial of 6 month duration in addition to long-term outcome collected after end of MDR-TB treatment (see section 5.1).

Biotransformation and elimination

The complete metabolic profile of delamanid in man has not yet been fully elucidated (see sections 4.5 and 5.2). Therefore the potential for drug-drug interactions of clinical significance to occur with delamanid and the possible consequences, including the total effect on the QTc interval, cannot be predicted with confidence.

Excipients

Deltyba film-coated tablets contain lactose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency, or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicinal product.

4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
The complete metabolic profile and mode of elimination of delamanid has not yet been fully elucidated (see sections 4.4 and 5.2)

Effects of other medicinal products on Deltyba

Cytochrome P450 3A4 inducers

Clinical drug-drug interactions studies in healthy subjects indicated a reduced exposure to delamanid, of up to 45% following 15 days of concomitant administration of the strong inducer of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 (Rifampicin 300 mg daily) with delamanid (200 mg daily). No clinically relevant reduction in delamanid exposure was observed with the weak inducer efavirenz when administered at a dose of 600 mg daily for 10 days in combination with delamanid 100 mg twice daily.

Anti-HIV medicines

In clinical drug-drug interaction studies in healthy subjects, delamanid was administered alone (100 mg twice daily) and with tenofovir (300 mg daily) or lopinavir/ritonavir (400/100 mg daily)for 14 days and with efavirenz for 10 days (600 mg daily). Delamanid exposure remained unchanged (<25% difference) with anti-HIV medicines tenofovir and efavirenz but was slightly increased with the combination anti-HIV medicine containing lopinavir/ritonavir.

Effects of Deltyba on other medicinal products

In-vitro studies showed that delamanid did not inhibit CYP450 isozymes.

In-vitro studies showed that delamanid and metabolites did not have any effect on the transporters MDR1(p-gp), BCRP, OATP1, OATP3, OCT1, OCT2, OATP1B1, OATP1B3 and BSEP, at concentrations of approximately 5 to 20 fold greater than the Cmax at steady state. However, since the concentrations in the gut can potentially be much greater than these multiples of the Cmax, there is a potential for delamanid to have an effect on these transporters.

Anti-Tuberculosis medicines

In a clinical drug-drug interaction study in healthy subjects, delamanid was administred alone (200 mg daily) and with rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide (300/720/1800 mg daily) or ethambutol (1100 mg daily) for 15 days. Exposure of concomitant anti-TB drugs (rifampicin [R]/ isoniazid [H]/ pyrazinamide [Z]) was not affected. Co-administration with delamanid significantly increased steady state plasma concentrations of ethambutol by approximately 25%, the clinical relevance is unknown.

Anti-HIV medicines

In a clinical drug-drug interaction study in healthy subjects, delamanid was administred alone (100 mg twice daily) and tenofovir (300 mg), lopinavir/ritonavir (400/100 mg) for 14 days and with efavirenz for 10 days (600 mg daily). Delamanid given in combination with the anti-HIV-medicines, tenofovir, lopinavir/ritonavir and efavirenz, did not affect the exposure to these medicinal products.

Medicinal products with the potential to prolong QTc

Care must be taken in using delamanid in patients already receiving medicines associated with QT prolongation (see section 4.4). Co-administration of moxifloxacin and delamanid in MDR-TB patients has not been studied. Moxifloxacin is not recommended for use in patients treated with delamanid

4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy

There are very limited data from the use of delamanid in pregnant women. Studies in animals have shown reproductive toxicity (see section 5.3).

Deltyba is not recommended in pregnant women or in women of childbearing potential unless they are using a reliable form of contraception.

Breast-feeding

It is unknown whether this medicinal product or its metabolites are excreted in human milk. Available pharmacokinetic data in animals have shown excretion of delamanid and/or its metabolites in milk. Because a potential risk to the breast-feeding infant cannot be ruled out , it is recommended that women should not breastfeed during treatment with Deltyba.

Fertility

Deltyba had no effect on male or female fertility in animals (see section 5.3). There are no clinical data on the effects of delamanid on fertility in humans.

4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
No studies on the effects on the ability to drive and use machines have been performed. However, patients should be advised not to drive or use machines if they experience any adverse reaction with a potential impact on the ability to perform these activities (e.g. headache and tremor are very common).

4.8 Undesirable effects
Summary of the safety profile

The frequency of the adverse drug reactions described below is based on data of one double blind controlled clinical trial involving 481 patients with MDR-TB, in which 321 patients received delamanid in combination with an Optimised Background Regimen (OBR). Due to the limited size of this dataset it is currently not possible to clearly differentiate between OBR therapy and delamanid as cause for the adverse reactions mentioned below.

Electrocardiogram QTc interval prolongation has been identified as the most prominent safety concern of treatment with delamanid (see also section 4.4). A major factor contributing to QTc interval prolongation is hypoalbuminaemia (particularly below 2.8 g/dl). Other important adverse drug reactions are anxiety, paraesthesia, and tremor.

The most frequently observed adverse drug reactions in patients treated with delamanid (i.e. incidence > 10%) are nausea (38.3%), vomiting (33%), and dizziness (30.2%).

Tabulated list of adverse reactions

The adverse reactions listed in the table below were reported in at least one of the 321 patients receiving delamanid in the double blind placebo controlled clinical trial mentioned above. The adverse drug reactions are listed by MedDRA System Organ Class and Preferred Term. Within each System Organ Class, adverse reactions are listed under frequency categories of very common (≥1/10), common (≥1/100 to <1/10), uncommon (≥1/1,000 to <1/100), rare (≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000), very rare (<1/10,000) and not known (cannot be estimated from the available data). Within each frequency grouping, adverse reactions are presented in order of decreasing seriousness.

Table: Adverse drug reactions to delamanid

System Organ Class
 Frequency uncommon
 Frequency common
 Frequency very common
 
Infections and infestations
 Herpes zoster

Oropharyngeal candidiasis

Tinea versicolor*

Blood and lymphatic system disorders
 Leukopenia

Thrombocytopaenia
 Anaemia*

Eosinophilia*
 Reticulocytosis
 
Metabolism and nutrition disorders
 Dehydration

Hypocalcaemia

Hypercholesterolaemia
 Hypertriglyceridaemia
 Hypokalaemia

Decreased appetite

Hyperuricaemia*
 
Psychiatric disorders
 Aggression

Delusional disorder, persecutory type

Panic disorder

Adjustment disorder with depressed mood

Neurosis

Dysphoria

Mental disorder

Sleep disorder

Libido increased*

 
 Psychotic disorder

Agitation

Anxiety and anxiety disorder

Depression and depressed mood

Restlessness
 Insomnia
 
Nervous system disorders
 Lethargy

Balance disorder

Radicular pain

Poor quality sleep
 Neuropathy peripheral

Somnolence*

Hypoaesthesia

 
 Dizziness*

Headache

Paraesthesia

Tremor
 
Eye disorders
 Conjunctivitis allergic*
 Dry eye*

Photophobia
 
 
Ear and labyrinth disorders
 
 Ear pain
 Tinnitus
 
Cardiac disorders
 Atrioventricular block first degree

Ventricular extrasystoles*

Supraventricular extrasystoles
 
 Palpitations
 
Vascular disorders
 
 Hypertension

Hypotension

Haematoma*

Hot flush*
 
 
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
 
 Dyspnoea

Cough

Oropharyngeal pain

Throat irritation

Dry throat*

Rhinorrhoea*
 Haemoptysis
 
Gastrointestinal disorders
 Dysphagia

Paraesthesia oral

Abdominal tenderness*
 Gastritis*

Constipation*

Abdominal pain

Abdominal pain lower

Dyspepsia

Abdominal discomfort
 Vomiting

Diarrhoea*

Nausea

Abdominal pain upper
 
Hepatobiliary disorders
 Hepatic function abnormal
 
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
 Alopecia*

Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis*

Pruritus generalised*

Rash erythematous
 Dermatitis

Urticaria

Rash pruritic*

Pruritus*

Rash maculo-papular*

Rash*

Acne

Hyperhidrosis
 
 
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
 
 Osteochondrosis

Muscular weakness

Musculoskeletal pain*

Flank pain

Pain in extremity
 Arthralgia*

Myalgia*
 
Renal and urinary disorders
 Urinary retention

Dysuria*

Nocturia
 Haematuria*

General disorders and administration site conditions
 Feeling hot
 Pyrexia*

Chest pain

Malaise

Chest discomfort*

Oedema peripheral*
 Asthenia
 
Investigations
 Electrocardiogram ST segment depression

Transaminases increased*

Activated partial thromboplastin time prolonged*

Gamma-glutamyltransferase increased*

Blood cortisol decreased

Blood pressure increased
 Blood cortisol increased
 Electrocardiogram QT prolonged

* The frequency for these events was lower for the combined delamanid plus OBR group in comparison to the placebo plus OBR group.
Description of selected adverse reactions

ECG QT interval prolongation

Electrocardiogram QT prolonged was reported in 9.9% of patients receiving delamanid as 100 mg twice daily (frequency category common) compared to 3.8% of patients receiving placebo + OBR. This ADR was not accompanied by clinical symptoms. The incidence of a QTcF interval >500 msec was uncommon and observed in one patient (1/321 patients). There were no accompanying clinical symptoms and the event resolved. A total of 12/321 patients in the total delamanid twice daily + OBR group had a change in QTcF of >60 ms versus 0% on placebo + OBR. The presence of hypoalbuminaemia was associated with an increased risk of prolongation of the QTc interval (see section 4.4). QTc interval prolongation has been identified as the most prominent safety concern of treatment with delamanid. This results in the contraindication described in section 4.3 and in the warnings in section 4.4. Major factors contributing to QTc interval prolongation are hypoalbuminaemia (particularly below 2.8 g/dL) and hypokalaemia. Therefore very frequent monitoring of albumin levels, serum electrolytes and ECG is recommended.

Palpitations

For patients receiving 100 mg delamanid + OBR twice daily, the frequency was 8.1% (frequency category common) in comparison to a frequency of 6.3% in patients receiving placebo + OBR twice daily.

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions

Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via Yellow Card Scheme, Website: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard .

4.9 Overdose
No cases of delamanid overdose have been observed in clinical trials. However, additional clinical data showed that in patients receiving 200 mg twice daily, i.e. total 400 mg delamanid per day, the overall safety profile is comparable to that in patients receiving the recommended dose of 100 mg twice daily. Albeit, some reactions were observed at a higher frequency and the rate of QT prolongation increased in a dose-related manner. Treatment of overdose should involve immediate measures to remove delamanid from the gastrointestinal tract and supportive care as required. Frequent ECG monitoring should be performed.

5. Pharmacological properties
 
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Antimycobacterials, antibiotics, ATC code: J04AK06.

Mode of action

The pharmacological mode of action of delamanid involves inhibition of the synthesis of the mycobacterial cell wall components, methoxy-mycolic and keto-mycolic acid. The identified metabolites of delamanid do not show anti-mycobacterial activity.
Activity against specific pathogens

Delamanid has no in vitro activity against bacterial species other than mycobacteria.

Resistance

Mutation in one of the 5 coenzyme F420 genes is suggested as the mechanism for resistance against delamanid in mycobacteria. In mycobacteria, the in vitro frequencies of spontaneous resistance to delamanid were similar to those for isoniazid, and were higher than those for rifampicin. Resistance to delamanid has been documented to occur during treatment (see section 4.4). Delamanid does not show cross-resistance with any of the currently used anti-tuberculosis drugs.

Susceptibility testing breakpoints

A clinical breakpoint for delamanid has not yet been determined. In clinical trials resistance to delamanid has been defined as any growth in the presence of a delamanid concentration of 0.2 μg/mL that is greater than 1% of that on drug-free control cultures on Middlebrook 7H11 medium.

Data from clinical studies

In a single, double blind, placebo controlled study, 161 MDR-TB patients received 8 weeks treatment with delamanid 100 mg twice daily in combination with WHO recommended individualised OBR. Two-month sputum conversion (SCC) (i.e. growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to no growth over the first 2 months) observed among those patients who were sputum culture positive at baseline is tabulated below for the delamanid plus OBR and placebo plus OBR treatment groups:

 Patients randomised to 100 mg BID + OBR
 Patients randomised to Placebo + OBR
 
SCC in MGIT® n/N (%)
 64/141 (45.4%)
 37/125 (29.6%)
 
SCC on solid media n/N (%)
 64/119 (53.8%)
 38/113 (33.6%)

MGIT® Mycobacterium growth indicator tube liquid media system

n= subjects with SCC at 2 months

Paediatric population

The European Medicines Agency has deferred the obligation to submit the results of studies with Deltyba in one or more subsets of the paediatric population in {treatment in multi-drug resistant tuberculosis} (see section 4.2 for information on paediatric use).

This medicinal product has been authorised under a so-called 'conditional approval' scheme. This means that further evidence on this medicinal product is awaited.

The European Medicines Agency will review new information on this medicinal product at least every year and this SmPC will be updated as necessary.

5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Absorption

Oral bioavailability of delamanid improves when administered with a standard meal, by about 2.7 fold compared to fasting conditions. Delamanid plasma exposure increases less than proportionally with increasing dose.

Distribution

Delamanid highly binds to all plasma proteins with a binding to total proteins of ≥99.5%. Delamanid has a large apparent volume of distribution (Vz/F of 2,100 L).

Biotransformation

Delamanid is primarily metabolised in plasma by albumin and to a lesser extent by CYP3A4. The complete metabolic profile of delamanid has not yet been elucidated, and there is a potential for drug interactions with other co-administered medications, if significant unknown metabolites are discovered. The identified metabolites do not show anti-mycobacterial activity but some contribute to QTc prolongation, mainly DM-6705. Concentrations of the identified metabolites progressively increase to steady state after 6 to 10 weeks.

Elimination

Delamanid disappears from plasma with a t1/2 of 30-38 hours. Delamanid is not excreted in urine.

Special populations

Paediatric population

No studies have been performed in paediatric patients.

Patients with renal impairment

Less than 5% of an oral dose of delamanid is recovered from urine. Mild renal impairment (50 mL/min < CrCLN < 80 mL/min) does not appear to affect delamanid exposure. Therefore no dose adjustment is needed for patients with mild or moderate renal impairment. It is not known whether delamanid and metabolites will be significantly removed by haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.

Patients with hepatic impairment

No dose adjustment is considered necessary for patients with mild hepatic impairment. Delamanid is not recommended in patients with moderate to severe hepatic impairment.

Elderly patients (≥ 65 years)

No patients of ≥ 65 years of age were included in clinical trials.

5.3 Preclinical safety data
Non-clinical data reveal no specific hazard for humans based on conventional studies for genotoxicity and carcinogenic potential. Delamanid and/or its metabolites have the potential to affect cardiac repolarisation via blockade of hERG potassium channels. In the dog, foamy macrophages were observed in lymphoid tissue of various organs during repeat-dose toxicity studies. The finding was shown to be partially reversible; the clinical relevance of this finding is unknown. Repeat-dose toxicity studies in rabbits revealed an inhibitory effect of delamanid and/or its metabolites on vitamin K-dependent blood clotting. In rabbits reproductive studies, embryo-fetal toxicity was observed at maternally toxic dosages. Pharmacokinetic data in animals have shown excretion of delamanid /metabolites into breast milk. In lactating rats, the Cmax for delamanid in breast milk was 4-fold higher than that of the blood.

6. Pharmaceutical particulars
 
6.1 List of excipients
Tablet core

Hypromellose phthalate

Povidone

all-rac-α-Tocopherol

Cellulose, microcrystalline

Sodium starch glycolate (type A)

Carmellose calcium

Silica, colloidal hydrated

Magnesium stearate

Lactose monohydrate

Film coating

Hypromellose

Macrogol 8000

Titanium dioxide

Talc

Iron oxide yellow (E172)

6.2 Incompatibilities
Not applicable

6.3 Shelf life
3 years

6.4 Special precautions for storage
Store in the original package in order to protect from moisture.

6.5 Nature and contents of container
Aluminium/Aluminium blister:

40 (5 strips of 8) tablets.

Amber glass bottle (type III) with polypropylene child resistant closure, polyester insert and desiccant canister(s):

50 or 300 tablets.

Not all pack sizes may be marketed.

6.6 Special precautions for disposal and other handling
Any unused medicinal product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.

7. Marketing authorisation holder
Otsuka Novel Products GmbH

Erika-Mann-Straße 21

80636 München

Germany

8. Marketing authorisation number(s)
EU/1/13/875/001-003

9. Date of first authorisation/renewal of the authorisation
Date of first authorisation: 28.April 2014

 

10. Date of revision of the text
April 2014

Detailed information on this medicinal product is available on the website of the European Medicines Agency http://www.ema.europa.eu.