Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

Daily Dosing

The safety of Actonel 5 mg once daily in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis was assessed in four randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multinational trials of 3232 women aged 38 to 85 years with postmenopausal osteoporosis. The duration of the trials was up to three years, with 1619 patients exposed to placebo and 1613 patients exposed to Actonel 5 mg. Patients with pre-existing gastrointestinal disease and concomitant use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, proton pump inhibitors, and H2 antagonists were included in these clinical trials. All women received 1000 mg of elemental calcium plus vitamin D supplementation up to 500 IU per day if their 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level was below normal at baseline.

The incidence of all-cause mortality was 2.0% in the placebo group and 1.7% in the Actonel 5 mg daily group. The incidence of serious adverse events was 24.6% in the placebo group and 27.2% in the Actonel 5 mg group. The percentage of patients who withdrew from the study due to adverse events was 15.6% in the placebo group and 14.8% in the Actonel 5 mg group. Table 1 lists adverse events from the Phase 3 postmenopausal osteoporosis trials reported in ≥5% of patients. Adverse events are shown without attribution of causality.

Table 1 Adverse Events Occurring at a Frequency ≥5% in Either Treatment Group Combined Phase3 Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Treatment Trials

Body System	Placebo N = 1619	5 mg Actonel N = 1613
	%	%
Body as a Whole
Infection	29.9	31.1
Back Pain	26.1	28.0
Accidental Injury	16.8	16.9
Pain	14.0	14.1
Abdominal Pain	9.9	12.2
Flu Syndrome	11.6	10.5
Headache	10.8	9.9
Asthenia	4.5	5.4
Neck Pain	4.7	5.4
Chest Pain	5.1	5.0
Allergic Reaction	5.9	3.8
Cardiovascular System
Hypertension	9.8	10.5
Digestive System
Constipation	12.6	12.9
Diarrhea	10.0	10.8
Dyspepsia	10.6	10.8
Nausea	11.2	10.5
Metabolic & Nutritional Disorders
Peripheral Edema	8.8	7.7
Musculoskeletal System
Arthralgia	22.1	23.7
Arthritis	10.1	9.6
Traumatic Bone Fracture	12.3	9.3
Joint Disorder	5.3	7.0
Myalgia	6.2	6.7
Bone Pain	4.8	5.3
Nervous System
Dizziness	5.7	7.1
Depression	6.1	6.8
Insomnia	4.6	5.0
Respiratory System
Bronchitis	10.4	10.0
Sinusitis	9.1	8.7
Rhinitis	5.1	6.2
Pharyngitis	5.0	6.0
Increased Cough	6.3	5.9
Skin and Appendages
Rash	7.1	7.9
Special Senses
Cataract	5.7	6.5
Urogenital System
Urinary Tract Infection	10.4	11.1

Gastrointestinal Adverse Events: The incidence of adverse events in the placebo and Actonel 5 mg daily groups were: abdominal pain (9.9% versus 12.2%), diarrhea (10.0% versus 10.8%), dyspepsia (10.6% versus 10.8%), and gastritis (2.3% versus 2.7%). Duodenitis and glossitis have been reported uncommonly in the Actonel 5 mg daily group (0.1% to 1%). In patients with active upper gastrointestinal disease at baseline, the incidence of upper gastrointestinal adverse events was similar between the placebo and Actonel 5 mg daily groups.

Musculoskeletal Adverse Events: The incidence of adverse events in the placebo and Actonel 5 mg daily groups were: back pain (26.1% versus 28.0%), arthralgia (22.1% versus 23.7%), myalgia (6.2% versus 6.7%), and bone pain (4.8% versus 5.3%).

Laboratory Test Findings: Throughout the Phase 3 studies, transient decreases from baseline in serum calcium (<1%) and serum phosphate (<3%) and compensatory increases in serum PTH levels (<30%) were observed within 6 months in patients in osteoporosis clinical trials treated with Actonel 5 mg once daily. There were no significant differences in serum calcium, phosphate, or PTH levels between placebo and Actonel 5 mg once daily at 3 years. Serum calcium levels below 8 mg/dL were observed in 18 patients, 9 (0.5%) in each treatment arm (placebo and Actonel 5 mg once daily). Serum phosphorus levels below 2 mg/dL were observed in 14 patients, 3 (0.2%) treated with placebo and 11 (0.6%) treated with Actonel 5mg once daily. There have been rare reports (<0.1%) of abnormal liver function tests.

Endoscopic Findings: In the Actonel clinical trials, endoscopic eva luation was encouraged in any patient with moderate-to-severe gastrointestinal complaints, while maintaining the blind. Endoscopies were performed on equal numbers of patients between the placebo and treated groups [75 (14.5%) placebo; 75 (11.9%) Actonel]. Clinically important findings (perforations, ulcers, or bleeding) among this symptomatic population were similar between groups (51% placebo; 39% Actonel).

Once-a-Week Dosing

The safety of Actonel 35 mg once-a-week in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis was assessed in a 1-year, double-blind, multicenter study comparing Actonel 5 mg daily and Actonel 35 mg once-a-week in postmenopausal women aged 50 to 95 years. The duration of the trials was one year, with 480 patients exposed to ACTONEL 5 mg daily and 485 exposed to Actonel 35 mg once-a-week. Patients with pre-existing gastrointestinal disease and concomitant use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, proton pump inhibitors, and H2 antagonists were included in these clinical trials. All women received 1000 mg of elemental calcium plus vitamin D supplementation up to 500 IU per day if their 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level was below normal at baseline.

The incidence of all-cause mortality was 0.4% in the Actonel 5 mg daily group and 1.0% in the Actonel 35 mg once-a-week group. The incidence of serious adverse events was 7.1% in the Actonel 5 mg daily group and 8.2% in the Actonel 35 mg once-a-week group. The percentage of patients who withdrew from the study due to adverse events was 11.9% in the Actonel 5 mg daily group and 11.5% in the Actonel 35 mg once-a-week group. The overall safety and tolerability profiles of the two dosing regimens were similar.

Gastrointestinal Adverse Events: The incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events was similar between the Actonel 5 mg daily group and the Actonel 35 mg once-a-week group: dyspepsia (6.9% versus 7.6%), diarrhea (6.3% versus 4.9%), and abdominal pain (7.3% versus 7.6%).

Musculoskeletal Adverse Events: Arthralgia was reported in 11.5% of patients in the Actonel 5 mg daily group and 14.2% of patients in the Actonel 35 mg once-a-week group. Myalgia was reported by 4.6% of patients in the Actonel 5 mg daily group and 6.2% of patients in the Actonel 35 mg once-a-week group.

Laboratory Test Findings: The mean percent changes from baseline at 12 months were similar between the Actonel 5 mg daily and Actonel 35 mg once-a-week groups, respectively, for serum calcium (0.4% versus 0.7%), phosphate (-3.8% versus -2.6%) and PTH (6.4% versus 4.2%).

Monthly Dosing

Two Consecutive Days per Month

The safety of Actonel 75 mg administered on two consecutive days per month for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis was assessed in a double-blind, multicenter study in postmenopausal women aged 50 to 86 years. The duration of the trial was two years; 613 patients were exposed to Actonel 5 mg daily and 616 were exposed to Actonel 75 mg two consecutive days per month. Patients with pre-existing gastrointestinal disease and concomitant use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, proton pump inhibitors, and H2 antagonists were included in this clinical trial. All women received 1000 mg of elemental calcium plus 400 to 800 IU of vitamin D supplementation per day.

The incidence of all-cause mortality was 1.0% for the Actonel 5 mg daily group and 0.5% for the Actonel 75mg two consecutive days per month group. The incidence of serious adverse events was 10.8% in the Actonel 5 mg daily group and 14.4% in the Actonel 75 mg two consecutive days per month group. The percentage of patients who withdrew from treatment due to adverse events was 14.2% in the Actonel 5 mg daily group and 13.0% in the Actonel 75 mg two consecutive days per month group. The overall safety and tolerability profiles of the two dosing regimens were similar.

Acute Phase Reactions: Symptoms consistent with acute phase reaction have been reported with bisphosphonate use. The overall incidence of acute phase reaction was 3.6% of patients on Actonel 5mg daily and 7.6% of patients on Actonel 75mg two consecutive days per month. These incidence rates are based on reporting of any of 33 acute phase reaction-like symptoms within 5 days of the first dose. Fever or influenza-like illness with onset within the same period were reported by 0.0% of patients on Actonel 5mg daily and 0.6% of patients on Actonel 75mg two consecutive days per month.

Gastrointestinal Adverse Events: The Actonel 75 mg two consecutive days per month group resulted in a higher incidence of discontinuation due to vomiting (1.0% versus 0.2%) and diarrhea (1.0% versus 0.3%) compared to the Actonel 5 mg daily group. Most of these events occurred within a few days of dosing.

Ocular Adverse Events: None of the patients treated with Actonel 75 mg two consecutive days per month reported ocular inflammation such as uveitis, scleritis, or iritis; 1 patient treated with Actonel5 mg daily reported uveitis.

Laboratory Test Findings: When Actonel 5mg daily and Actonel 75mg two consecutive days per month were compared in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, the mean percent changes from baseline at 24 months were 0.2% and 0.8% for serum calcium, -1.9% and -1.3% for phosphate, and -10.4% and -17.2% for PTH, respectively. Compared to the Actonel 5 mg daily group, Actonel 75 mg two consecutive days per month resulted in a slightly higher incidence of hypocalcemia at the end of the first month of treatment (4.5% versus 3.0%). Thereafter, the incidence of hypocalcemia with these regimens was similar at approximately 2%.

Once-a-Month

The safety of Actonel 150 mg administered once a month for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis was assessed in a double-blind, multicenter study in postmenopausal women aged 50 to 88 years. The duration of the trial was one year, with 642 patients exposed to Actonel 5 mg daily and 650 exposed to Actonel 150 mg once-a-month. Patients with pre-existing gastrointestinal disease and concomitant use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, proton pump inhibitors, and H2 antagonists were included in this clinical trial. All women received 1000 mg of elemental calcium plus up to 1000 IU of vitamin D supplementation per day.

The incidence of all-cause mortality was 0.5% for the Actonel 5 mg daily group and 0.0% for the Actonel 150 mg once-a-month group. The incidence of serious adverse events was 4.2% in the Actonel 5 mg daily group and 6.2% in the Actonel 150 mg once-a-month group. The percentage of patients who withdrew from treatment due to adverse events was 9.5% in the Actonel 5 mg daily group and 8.6% in the Actonel 150 mg once-a-month group. The overall safety and tolerability profiles of the two dosing regimens were similar.

Acute Phase Reactions: Symptoms consistent with acute phase reaction have been reported with bisphosphonate use. The overall incidence of acute phase reaction was 1.1% in the Actonel 5 mg daily group and 5.2% in the Actonel 150 mg once-a-month group. These incidence rates are based on reporting of any of 33 acute phase reaction-like symptoms within 3 days of the first dose and for a duration of 7 days or less. Fever or influenza-like illness with onset within the same period were reported by 0.2% of patients on Actonel 5mg daily and 1.4% of patients on Actonel 150mg once-a-month.

Gastrointestinal Adverse Events: A greater percentage of patients experienced diarrhea with Actonel 150 mg once-a-month compared to 5 mg daily (8.2% versus 4.7%, respectively). The Actonel 150mg once-a-month group resulted in a higher incidence of discontinuation due to abdominal pain upper (2.5% versus 1.4%) and diarrhea (0.8% versus 0.0%) compared to the Actonel 5mg daily regimen. All of these events occurred within a few days of the first dose. The incidence of vomiting that led to discontinuation was the same in both groups (0.3% versus 0.3%).

Ocular Adverse Events: None of the patients treated with Actonel 150mg once-a-month reported ocular inflammation such as uveitis, scleritis, or iritis; 2 patients treated with Actonel 5mg daily reported iritis.

Laboratory Test Findings: When Actonel 5mg daily and Actonel 150mg once-a-month were compared in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, the mean percent changes from baseline at 12 months were 0.1% and 0.3% for serum calcium, -2.3% and -2.3% for phosphate, and 8.3% and 4.8% for PTH, respectively. Compared to the Actonel 5 mg daily regimen, Actonel 150 mg once-a-month resulted in a slightly higher incidence of hypocalcemia at the end of the first month of treatment (0.2% versus 2.2%). Thereafter, the incidence of hypocalcemia with these regimens was similar at approximately 2%.

Prevention of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

Daily Dosing

The safety of Actonel 5 mg daily in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis was assessed in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. In one study of postmenopausal women aged 37 to 82 years without osteoporosis, the use of estrogen replacement therapy in both placebo- and Actonel-treated patients was included. The duration of the trial was one year, with 259 exposed to placebo and 261 patients exposed to Actonel 5 mg. The second study included postmenopausal women aged 44 to 63 years without osteoporosis. The duration of the trial was one year, with 125 exposed to placebo and 129 patients exposed to Actonel 5 mg. All women received 1000 mg of elemental calcium per day.

In the trial with estrogen replacement therapy, the incidence of all-cause mortality was 1.5% for the placebo group and 0.4% for the Actonel 5 mg group. The incidence of serious adverse events was 8.9% in the placebo group and 5.4% in the Actonel 5 mg group. The percentage of patients who withdrew from treatment due to adverse events was 18.9% in the placebo group and 10.3% in the Actonel 5 mg group. Constipation was reported by 1.9% of the placebo group and 6.5% of Actonel 5 mg group.

In the second trial, the incidence of all-cause mortality was 0.0% for both groups. The incidence of serious adverse events was 17.6% in the placebo group and 9.3% in the Actonel 5 mg group. The percentage of patients who withdrew from treatment due to adverse events was 6.4% in the placebo group and 5.4% in the Actonel 5 mg group. Nausea was reported by 6.4% of patients in the placebo group and 13.2% of patients in the Actonel 5 mg group.

Once-a-Week Dosing

There were no deaths in a 1-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of Actonel 35mg once a week for prevention of bone loss in 278 postmenopausal women without osteoporosis. More treated subjects on Actonel reported arthralgia (placebo 7.8%; Actonel 13.9%), myalgia (placebo 2.1%; Actonel 5.1%), and nausea (placebo 4.3%; Actonel 7.3%) than subjects on placebo.

Treatment to Increase Bone Mass in Men with Osteoporosis

In a 2-year, double-blind, multicenter study, 284 men with osteoporosis were treated with placebo (N = 93) or Actonel 35 mg once-a-week (N = 191). The overall safety and tolerability profile of Actonel in men with osteoporosis was similar to the adverse events reported in the Actonel postmenopausal osteoporosis clinical trials, with the addition of benign prostatic hyperplasia (placebo 3%; Actonel 35 mg 5%), nephrolithiasis (placebo 0%; Actonel 35 mg 3%), and arrhythmia (placebo 0%; Actonel 35 mg 2%).

Treatment and Prevention of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis

The safety of Actonel 5 mg daily in the treatment and prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis was assessed in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multinational trials of 344 patients [male (123) and female (221)] aged 18 to 85 years who had recently initiated oral glucocorticoid therapy (≤ 3 months, prevention study) or were on long-term oral glucocorticoid therapy (≥ 6 months, treatment study). The duration of the trials was one year, with 170 patients exposed to placebo and 174 patients exposed to Actonel 5 mg daily. Patients in one study received 1000 mg elemental calcium plus 400 IU of vitamin D supplementation per day; patients in the other study received 500 mg calcium supplementation per day.

The incidence of all-cause mortality was 2.9% in the placebo group and 1.1% in the Actonel 5 mg daily group. The incidence of serious adverse events was 33.5% in the placebo group and 30.5% in the Actonel 5 mg daily group. The percentage of patients who withdrew from the study due to adverse events was 8.8% in the placebo group and 7.5% in the Actonel 5 mg daily group. Back pain was reported in 8.8% of patients in the placebo group and 17.8% of patients in the Actonel 5 mg daily group. Arthralgia was reported in 14.7% of patients in the placebo group and 24.7% of patients in the Actonel 5 mg daily group.