1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

1.1 Control and Prevention of Bleeding Episodes

Kogenate® FS is an antihemophilic factor that is indicated for the control and prevention of bleeding episodes in adults and children (0-16 years) with hemophilia A.

1.2 Peri-operative Management

Kogenate FS is indicated for surgical prophylaxis in adults and children with hemophilia A.

1.3 Routine Prophylaxis in Children with Hemophilia A with No Pre-existing Joint Damage

Kogenate FS is indicated for routine prophylactic treatment to reduce the frequency of bleeding episodes and the risk of joint damage in children with no pre-existing joint damage.

Kogenate FS is not indicated for the treatment of von Willebrand’s disease.

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

For Intravenous Use After Reconstitution

• Treatment with Kogenate FS should be initiated under the supervision of a physician experienced in the treatment of hemophilia A.
• Each vial of Kogenate FS has the recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) potency in international units stated on the label.
• Dosage and duration of treatment depend on the severity of the factor VIII deficiency, the location and extent of bleeding, and the patient’s clinical condition.1 Careful control of replacement therapy is especially important in cases of major surgery or life-threatening bleeding episodes. [See Table 1 and Table 2.]

The expected in vivo peak increase in factor VIII level expressed as IU/dL (or % normal) can be estimated using the following formulas:

Dosage (units) = body weight (kg) x desired factor VIII rise (IU/dL or % of normal) x 0.5 (IU/kg per IU/dL)

OR

IU/dL (or % normal)=Total Dose (IU)/body weight (kg) x 2 [IU/dL]/[IU/kg]

Examples (assuming patient’s baseline factor VIII level is <1% of normal):

1. A dose of 1750 IU Kogenate FS administered to a 70 kg patient should be expected to result in a peak post-infusion factor VIII increase of 1750 IU x {[2IU/dL]/[IU/kg]}/[70 kg] = 50 IU/dL (50% of normal).
2. A peak level of 50% is required in a 15 kg child. In this situation, the appropriate dose would be:
   50 IU/dL/{[2 IU/dL]/[IU/kg]} x 15 kg = 375 IU.

Doses administered should be titrated to the patient’s clinical response. Patients may vary in their pharmacokinetic (e.g., half-life, in vivo recovery) and clinical responses to Kogenate FS.2,3,4 Although the dose can be estimated by the calculations above, it is highly recommended that, whenever possible, appropriate laboratory tests including serial factor VIII activity assays be performed. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.4) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3).]

2.1 Control and Prevention of Bleeding Episodes

The careful control of treatment dose is especially important in cases of life-threatening bleeding episodes or major surgery.

The following table can be used to guide dosing in bleeding episodes.

2.2 Peri-operative Management

The careful control of treatment dose is especially important in cases of major surgery or life-threatening bleeding episodes.

The following table can be used to guide dosing in surgery:

2.3 Routine Prophylaxis in Children with No Pre-existing Joint Damage.

The recommended dose for routine prophylaxis is 25 IU/kg of body weight every other day.5

2.4 Instructions for Use

Kogenate FS is administered by intravenous (IV) injection after reconstitution. Patients should follow the specific reconstitution and administration procedures provided by their physicians.

For instructions, patients should follow the recommendations in the FDA-Approved Patient Labeling. [See FDA-Approved Patient Labeling (17).]

Reconstitution, product administration, and handling of the administration set and needles must be done with caution. Percutaneous puncture with a needle contaminated with blood can transmit infectious viruses including HIV (AIDS) and hepatitis. Obtain immediate medical attention if injury occurs. Place needles in a sharps container after single use. Discard all equipment, including any reconstituted Kogenate FS product, in an appropriate container.

2.5 Preparation and Reconstitution

The procedures below are provided as general guidelines for the reconstitution and administration of Kogenate FS with BIO-SET®, a needleless self-contained reconstitution system. Always work on a clean surface and wash hands before performing the following procedures.

Vacuum Transfer and Reconstitution

1. Warm the unopened diluent (as needed) and the concentrate to a temperature not to exceed 37°C or 99°F.
2. Remove the cap from the concentrate. Take out the prefilled diluent syringe and remove the tip cap. (Fig.A).
3. Connect the prefilled diluent syringe to the concentrate vial by gently screwing on to the BIO-SET connection (Fig.B).
4. Place the vial on a rigid, non-skid surface and hold it firmly with one hand. With the other hand, strongly press down the fingerplate near the syringe tip using your thumb and index finger (Fig.C) until the fingerplate meets the top edge of the BIO-SET. This confirms that the system is activated (Fig.D).
5. Grasp the plunger rod by the top plate and remove from carton. Avoid touching the sides and threads of the plunger rod. Immediately screw plunger rod into the syringe rubber stopper (Fig.E).
6. Inject the diluent into the concentrate by pushing down the plunger rod slowly (Fig.F).
7. Swirl gently until completely dissolved without creating excessive foaming (Fig.G).
8. Kogenate FS should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.
9. Invert vial/syringe and transfer the solution into syringe that was used to deliver the diluent (Fig.H). Ensure that the entire contents of the reconstituted Kogenate FS vial are drawn into the syringe.
10. Unscrew the filled syringe to disconnect it from the empty concentrate vial (Fig.I).
11. Attach the filled syringe to the administration set provided and immediately inject intravenously (Fig. J). NOTE: See accompanying instructions for Infusion Set with Filter.
12. If the same patient is to receive more than one vial, the diluent syringe provided should be used to reconstitute the powder in the product vials as described above. The reconstituted solutions should then be combined in a larger plastic syringe (not provided) and administered as usual (Fig. J).

2.6 Administration

For Intravenous Use Only After Reconstitution

• Kogenate FS should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, wherever solution and container permit. Turbid or discolored solution should be discarded.
• Reconstituted Kogenate FS may be stored at room temperature prior to administration, but is to be administered within 3 hours. It is recommended to use the IV administration set provided.
• A dose of Kogenate FS may be administered over a period of 1 to 15 minutes. The rate of administration however, should be adapted to the response of each individual patient. The pulse rate should be determined before and during administration of Kogenate FS. If there is a significant increase in pulse rate, reducing the rate of administration or temporarily halting the injection allows the symptoms to disappear promptly.

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

Kogenate FS is available as a lyophilized powder in single use glass vials containing 250, 500, 1000, 2000, and 3000 International Units (IU).

Each vial of Kogenate FS is labeled with the recombinant antihemophilic factor activity expressed in IU per vial. This potency assignment employs a factor VIII concentrate standard that is referenced to a WHO International Standard for factor VIII concentrates, and is eva luated by appropriate methodology to ensure accuracy of the results.

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

Kogenate FS is contraindicated in patients who have manifested life-threatening immediate hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, to the product or its components, including mouse or hamster proteins.

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

5.1 General

The clinical response to Kogenate FS may vary. If bleeding is not controlled with the recommended dose, the plasma level of factor VIII should be determined and a sufficient dose of Kogenate FS should be administered to achieve a satisfactory clinical response. If the patient’s plasma factor VIII level fails to increase as expected or if bleeding is not controlled after the expected dose, the presence of an inhibitor (neutralizing antibodies) should be suspected and appropriate testing performed. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.4).]

5.2 Anaphylaxis and Severe Hypersensitivity Reactions

Allergic-type hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis have been reported with Kogenate FS and have manifested as pruritus, rash, urticaria, hives, facial swelling, dizziness, hypotension, nausea, chest discomfort, cough, dyspnea, wheezing, flushing, discomfort (generalized) and fatigue. Discontinue Kogenate FS if symptoms occur and seek immediate emergency treatment.

Kogenate FS contains trace amounts of mouse immunoglobulin G (MuIgG) and hamster (BHK) proteins. Patients treated with this product may develop hypersensitivity to these non-human mammalian proteins.

5.3 Neutralizing Antibodies

Patients treated with antihemophilic factor (AHF) products should be carefully monitored for the development of factor VIII inhibitors by appropriate clinical observations and laboratory tests.6 Inhibitors have been reported following administration of Kogenate FS predominantly in previously untreated patients. If expected plasma factor VIII activity levels are not attained, or if bleeding is not controlled with an expected dose, an assay that measures factor VIII inhibitor concentration should be performed.[See Warnings and Precautions (5.4).]

5.4 Monitoring Laboratory Tests

• Monitor plasma factor VIII activity levels by the one-stage clotting assay to confirm the adequate factor VIII levels have been achieved and maintained, when clinically indicated. [See Dosage and Administration (2).]
• Monitor for development of factor VIII inhibitors. Perform assay to determine if factor VIII inhibitor is present. If expected factor VIII activity plasma levels are not attained, or if bleeding is not controlled with the expected dose of Kogenate FS. Use Bethesda Units ( BU) to titer inhibitors.
  • If the inhibitor is less than 10 BU per mL, the administration of additional Kogenate FS concentrate may neutralize the inhibitor, and may permit an appropriate hemostatic response.

Adequate hemostasis may not be achieved if inhibitor titers are above 10 BU per mL. The inhibitor titer may rise following Kogenate FS infusion as a result of an anamnestic response to factor VIII. The treatment or prevention of bleeding in such patients requires the use of alternative therapeutic approaches and agents.

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

The most serious adverse reactions are systemic hypersensitivity reactions including bronchospastic reactions and/or hypotension and anaphylaxis and the development of high-titer inhibitors necessitating alternative treatments to AHF.

The most common adverse reactions observed in clinical trials (frequency ≥ 4% of patients) are inhibitor formation in previously untreated patients (PUPs) and minimally treated patients (MTPs), skin-related hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., rash, pruritus), infusion site reactions (e.g., inflammation, pain), and central venous access device (CVAD) line-associated infections in patients requiring a CVAD for intravenous administration.

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.

Previously Treated Patients (PTPs)

During the clinical studies conducted in PTPs, 451 adverse events (irrespective of the relationship to the study drug) were reported in the course of 24,936 infusions (1.8%). Twenty-four of the 451 adverse events were assessed as related to Kogenate FS (0.1%).

Adverse reactions reported by ≥ 4% of the patients are listed in Table 3 below.

Previously Untreated Patients (PUPs) and Minimally Treated Patients (MTPs)

In clinical studies with pediatric PUPs and MTPs, 726 adverse events were reported in the course of 9,389 infusions (7.7%). Twenty-nine of the 726 adverse events were assessed as related to Kogenate FS (0.3%).

Adverse reactions reported by ≥ 4% of the patients are listed in Table 4 below.

Minimally Treated Patients (MTPs) in the Joint Outcome Study

In the Joint Outcome Study with pediatric MTPs treated with routine prophylaxis or episodic enhanced treatment for 5.5 years, 46 of the 65 randomized patients experienced adverse events over the study duration. Adverse events were not assessed for their relationship with Kogenate FS.

Immunogenicity

In clinical studies with 73 PTPs (defined as having more than 100 exposure days), one patient had a pre-existing inhibitor. In the other 72 patients, followed over 4 years, no de-novo inhibitors were observed.

In clinical studies with pediatric PUPs and MTPs, inhibitor development was observed in 9 out of 60 patients (15%), 6 were high titer1 (>5BU) and 3 were low-titer inhibitors. Inhibitors were detected at a median number of 7 exposure days (range 2 to 16 exposure days).

In the Joint Outcome Study with Kogenate FS,5 de-novo inhibitor development was observed in 8 of 64 patients with negative baseline values (12.5%), 2 patients developed high titer1 (>5 BU) and were withdrawn from the study. Six patients developed low-titer inhibitors. Inhibitors were detected at a median number of 44 exposure days (range 5 to 151 exposure days).

6.2 Post-Marketing Experience

The following adverse reactions have been identified during post approval use of Kogenate FS. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Among patients treated with Kogenate FS, cases of serious allergic/hypersensitivity reactions (which may include facial swelling, flushing, hives, blood pressure decrease, nausea, rash, restlessness, shortness of breath, tachycardia, tightness of the chest, tingling, urticaria, vomiting) have been reported, particularly in very young patients or patients who have previously reacted to other factor VIII concentrates.

The following table represents the post-marketing adverse reactions as MedDRA Preferred Terms.

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS

None known.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

8.1 Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category C.

Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Kogenate FS. It is also not known whether Kogenate FS can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or affect reproduction capacity. Kogenate FS should be used during pregnancy only if clinically needed.

8.2 Labor and Delivery

There is no information available on the effect of factor VIII replacement therapy on labor and delivery. Kogenate FS should be used only if clinically needed.

8.3 Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether this drug is excreted into human milk. Because many drugs are excreted into human milk, caution should be exercised if Kogenate FS is administered to nursing mothers. Kogenate FS should be given to nursing mothers only if clinically needed.

8.4 Pediatric Use

Safety and efficacy studies have been performed in previously untreated and minimally treated pediatric patients. Children in comparison to adults present higher factor VIII clearance values and thus lower recovery of factor VIII. This may be explained by differences in body composition7 and should be taken into account when dosing or following factor VIII levels in such a population. [See Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3).] Routine prophylactic treatment in children ages 0-2.5 years with no pre-existing joint damage has been shown to reduce spontaneous joint bleeding and the risk of joint damage. This data can be extrapolated to ages >2.5-16 years for children who have no existing joint damage. [See Clinical Studies (14.3).]

8.5 Geriatric Use

Clinical studies with Kogenate FS did not include patients aged 65 and over. Dose selection for an elderly patient should be individualized.

11 DESCRIPTION

Kogenate FS Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant) is a coagulation factor VIII produced by recombinant DNA technology. It is produced by Baby Hamster Kidney (BHK) cells into which the human factor VIII gene has been introduced.8 The cell culture medium contains Human Plasma Protein Solution (HPPS) and recombinant insulin, but does not contain any proteins derived from animal sources. Kogenate FS is a purified glycoprotein consisting of multiple peptides including an 80 kD and various extensions of the 90 kD subunit. It has the same biological activity as factor VIII derived from human plasma. No human or animal proteins, such as albumin, are added during the purification and formulation processes of Kogenate FS.

The purification process includes a solvent/detergent virus inactivation step in addition to the use of the purification methods of ion exchange chromatography, monoclonal antibody immunoaffinity chromatography, along with other chromatographic steps designed to purify recombinant factor VIII and remove contaminating substances.

Additionally, the manufacturing process was investigated for its capacity to decrease the infectivity of an experimental agent of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE), considered as a model for the vCJD and CJD agents.9-21 Several of the individual production and raw material preparation steps in the Kogenate FS manufacturing process have been shown to decrease TSE infectivity of that experimental model agent. TSE reduction steps include the Fraction II+III separation step for HPPS (6.0log10) and an anion exchange chromatography step (3.6log10).

Kogenate FS is formulated with the following as stabilizers [see Table 7] in the final container and is then lyophilized. The final product is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, preservative-free, powder preparation for intravenous (IV) injection. Intravenous administration of sucrose contained in Kogenate FS will not affect blood glucose levels.

The following inactive ingredients/excipients are also contained in the final product: