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STENDRA(avanafil)tablet(阿伐那非片 Spedra)
STENDRA (avanafil) tablet
[VIVUS, Inc.]
2012年4月27日，美国食品药品管理局(FDA)和Vivus公司宣布，已批准Stendra(阿伐那非)用于治疗勃起功能障碍(ED)。Stendra是一种口服药物，在性行为之前约30 min时服用。每日服药不得超过1次。
Stendra是一种5型磷酸二酯酶(PDE5)抑制剂，与其他的PDE5抑制剂一样，正在服用硝酸盐类药物的男性不得使用Stendra，原因是这种联合用药可导致血压突然下降。
Stendra的安全性和有效性在3项双盲、安慰剂对照的临床试验中得到了验证。共有1,267例患者随机分组接受Stendra治疗，最长治疗时间为12周，剂量为50、100或200 mg，或服用安慰剂，均在性行为之前约30 min时按需服用。在各项研究开始时及此后每4周对患者进行1次问卷调查，以评估勃起功能、阴道插入和成功性交的情况。结果显示，服用3种剂量Stendra的患者在3个终点方面均获得了显著改善。为了进一步评估Stendra的安全性，其中2项的部分受试者参加了另一项试验，接受至多达40周的额外治疗。最初采用100 mg剂量，此后可根据患者对治疗的应答情况将剂量增至200 mg或减至50 mg。结果显示，Stendra服用者报告的常见不良反应并未随服药时间延长而加重。
临床研究中患者报告的最常见(＞2%)不良反应包括头痛、面部潮红、鼻充血、鼻咽炎和背痛。服用PDE5抑制剂(包括Stendra)的男性罕见突发视力下降或丧失。
Stendra可能与某些蛋白酶抑制剂、抗真菌药物和抗生素发生药物相互作用。Stendra不得与其他的ED治疗药物联用。
Arzneimittelname Dar.-form Anmelder
Spedra 100 mg Tabletten - OP12 Tablette VIVUS BV
Spedra 100 mg Tabletten - OP2 Tablette VIVUS BV
Spedra 100 mg Tabletten - OP4 Tablette VIVUS BV
Spedra 100 mg Tabletten - OP8 Tablette VIVUS BV
Spedra 200 mg Tabletten - OP12 Tablette VIVUS BV
Spedra 200 mg Tabletten - OP4 Tablette VIVUS BV
Spedra 200 mg Tabletten - OP8 Tablette VIVUS BV
Spedra 50 mg Tabletten - OP12 Tablette VIVUS BV
Spedra 50 mg Tabletten - OP4 Tablette VIVUS BV
Spedra 50 mg Tabletten - OP8 Tablette VIVUS BV
Allgemeine Angaben
Eingangsnummer : 2710225
Arzneimittelname: Spedra 100 mg Tabletten - OP2
Darreichungsform : Tablette
Administrative Daten
Antragsteller: VIVUS BV
Verkehrsfähig : ja
Zulassungs-/Reg-Nr.(AMG76) : EU/1/13/841/004
Zusammensetzung
Arzneilich wirksame Bestandteile
ASK-Nr. Stoffname Stoffmenge
Avanafil 100.mg
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION
These highlights do not include all the information needed to use STENDRA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for STENDRA.
STENDRA™ (avanafil) tablets, for oral use
Initial U.S. Approval: 2012
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
STENDRA is a phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor indicated for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (1)
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
For most patients, the starting dose is 100 mg taken approximately 30 minutes before sexual activity, on an as needed basis (2.1)
Take STENDRA no more than once a day (2.1).
The dose may be increased to 200 mg or decreased to 50 mg based on efficacy and/or tolerability. Use the lowest dose that provides benefit (2.1)
STENDRA may be taken with or without food (2.2)
Do not use STENDRA with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (2.3)
If taking a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor, the dose should be no more than 50 mg in a 24-hour period (2.3).
In patients on stable alpha-blocker therapy, the recommended starting dose of STENDRA is 50 mg (2.3).
DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
Tablets: 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg (3)
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Administration of STENDRA to patients using any form of organic nitrate is contraindicated (4.1)
Hypersensitivity to any component of the STENDRA tablet (4.2)
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Patients should not use STENDRA if sexual activity is inadvisable due to cardiovascular status or any other reason (5.1)
Use of STENDRA with alpha-blockers, other antihypertensives, or substantial amounts of alcohol (greater than 3 units) may lead to hypotension (2.3, 5.6, 5.7)
Patients should seek emergency treatment if an erection lasts greater than 4 hours (5.3)
Patients should stop STENDRA and seek medical care if a sudden loss of vision occurs in one or both eyes, which could be a sign of Non Arteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION). Discuss with patients the increased risk of NAION in patients with a history of NAION (5.4)
Patients should stop taking STENDRA and seek prompt medical attention in the event of sudden decrease or loss of hearing (5.5)
ADVERSE REACTIONS
Most common adverse reactions (greater than or equal to 2%) include headache, flushing, nasal congestion, nasopharyngitis, and back pain (6.1)
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact VIVUS at (1-866-330-1871) or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
DRUG INTERACTION
STENDRA can potentiate the hypotensive effect of nitrates, alpha-blockers, antihypertensives, and alcohol (7.1)
CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, ritonavir, erythromycin) increase STENDRA exposure (7.2)
USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
Do not use in patients with severe renal impairment (8.6)
Do not use in patients with severe hepatic impairment (8.7)
See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION and FDA-approved patient labeling
Revised: 05/2012
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Back to Highlights and Tabs FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS*
*
Sections or subsections omitted from the full prescribing information are not listed
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
2.1 Erectile Dysfunction
2.2 Use with Food
2.3 Concomitant Medications
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS
4.1 Nitrates
4.2 Hypersensitivity Reactions
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
5.1 Cardiovascular Risks
5.2 Concomitant Use of CYP3A4 Inhibitors
5.3 Prolonged Erection
5.4 Effects on Eye
5.5 Sudden Hearing Loss
5.6 Alpha-Blockers and Other Antihypertensives
5.7 Alcohol
5.8 Combination with Other PDE5 Inhibitors or Erectile Dysfunction Therapies
5.9 Effects on Bleeding
5.10 Counseling Patients about Sexually Transmitted Diseases
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS
6.1 Clinical Trials Experience
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS
7.1 Potential for Pharmacodynamic Interactions with STENDRA
7.2 Potential for Other Drugs to Affect STENDRA
7.3 Potential for STENDRA to Affect Other Drugs
8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
8.1 Pregnancy
8.4 Pediatric Use
8.5 Geriatric Use
8.6 Renal Impairment
8.7 Hepatic Impairment
10 OVERDOSAGE
11 DESCRIPTION
12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
12.1 Mechanism of Action
12.2 Pharmacodynamics
12.3 Pharmacokinetics
13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis and Impairment of Fertility
13.2 Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology
14 CLINICAL STUDIES
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING
17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION
17.1 Nitrates
17.2 Cardiovascular Considerations
17.3 Concomitant Use with Drugs Which Lower Blood Pressure
17.4 Potential for Drug Interactions
17.5 Priapism
17.6 Vision
17.7 Sudden Hearing Loss
17.8 Alcohol
17.9 Sexually Transmitted Disease
17.10 Recommended Administration
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FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
STENDRA is a phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor indicated for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
2.1 Erectile Dysfunction
The recommended starting dose is 100 mg. STENDRA should be taken orally as needed approximately 30 minutes before sexual activity. Based on individual efficacy and tolerability, the dose may be increased to a maximum dose of 200 mg or decreased to 50 mg. The lowest dose that provides benefit should be used. The maximum recommended dosing frequency is once per day. Sexual stimulation is required for a response to treatment.
2.2 Use with Food
STENDRA may be taken with or without food.
2.3 Concomitant Medications
Nitrates
Concomitant use of nitrates in any form is contraindicated [see Contraindications (4.1)].
Alpha-Blockers
If STENDRA is co-administered with an alpha-blocker, patients should be stable on alpha-blocker therapy prior to initiating treatment with STENDRA, and STENDRA should be initiated at the 50 mg dose [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6), Drug Interactions (7.1) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)].
CYP3A4 Inhibitors
For patients taking concomitant strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (including ketoconazole, ritonavir, atazanavir, clarithromycin, indinavir, itraconazole, nefazodone, nelfinavir, saquinavir and telithromycin), do not use STENDRA [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Drug Interactions (7.2)].
For patients taking concomitant moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors (including erythromycin, amprenavir, aprepitant, diltiazem, fluconazole, fosamprenavir, and verapamil), the maximum recommended dose of STENDRA is 50 mg, not to exceed once every 24 hours [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Drug Interactions (7.2)].
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
STENDRA (avanafil) is supplied as oval, pale yellow tablets containing 50 mg, 100 mg, or 200 mg avanafil debossed with dosage strength
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS
4.1 Nitrates
Administration of STENDRA with any form of organic nitrates, either regularly and/or intermittently, is contraindicated. Consistent with its known effects on the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway, STENDRA has been shown to potentiate the hypotensive effects of nitrates.
In a patient who has taken STENDRA, where nitrate administration is deemed medically necessary in a life-threatening situation, at least 12 hours should elapse after the last dose of STENDRA before nitrate administration is considered. In such circumstances, nitrates should only be administered under close medical supervision with appropriate hemodynamic monitoring [see Contraindications (4.1), Dosage and Administration (2.3), and Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)].
4.2 Hypersensitivity Reactions
STENDRA is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to any component of the tablet. Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported, including pruritis and eyelid swelling.
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
eva luation of erectile dysfunction (ED) should include an appropriate medical assessment to identify potential underlying causes, as well as treatment options.
Before prescribing STENDRA, it is important to note the following:
5.1 Cardiovascular Risks
There is a potential for cardiac risk during sexual activity in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease. Therefore, treatments for ED, including STENDRA, should not be used in men for whom sexual activity is inadvisable because of their underlying cardiovascular status.
Patients with left ventricular outflow obstruction (e.g., aortic stenosis, idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis) and those with severely impaired autonomic control of blood pressure can be particularly sensitive to the actions of vasodilators, including STENDRA.
The following groups of patients were not included in clinical safety and efficacy trials for STENDRA, and therefore until further information is available, STENDRA is not recommended for the following groups:
Patients who have suffered a myocardial infarction, stroke, life-threatening arrhythmia, or coronary revascularization within the last 6 months;
Patients with resting hypotension (blood pressure less than 90/50 mmHg) or hypertension (blood pressure greater than 170/100 mmHg);
Patients with unstable angina, angina with sexual intercourse, or New York Heart Association Class 2 or greater congestive heart failure.
As with other PDE5 inhibitors STENDRA has systemic vasodilatory properties and may augment the blood pressure-lowering effect of other anti-hypertensive medications. STENDRA 200 mg resulted in transient decreases in sitting blood pressure in healthy volunteers of 8.0 mmHg systolic and 3.3 mmHg diastolic [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)], with the maximum decrease observed at 1 hour after dosing. While this normally would be expected to be of little consequence in most patients, prior to prescribing STENDRA, physicians should carefully consider whether patients with underlying cardiovascular disease could be affected adversely by such vasodilatory effects, especially in combination with sexual activity.
5.2 Concomitant Use of CYP3A4 Inhibitors
STENDRA metabolism is principally mediated by the CYP 450 isoform 3A4 (CYP 3A4). Inhibitors of CYP 3A4 may reduce STENDRA clearance and increase plasma concentrations of avanafil.
For patients taking concomitant strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (including ketoconazole, ritonavir, atazanavir, clarithromycin, indinavir, itraconazole, nefazodone, nelfinavir, saquinavir and telithromycin), do not use STENDRA [see Drug Interactions (7.2)].
For patients taking concomitant moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors (including erythromycin, amprenavir, aprepitant, diltiazem, fluconazole, fosamprenavir, and verapamil), the maximum recommended dose of STENDRA is 50 mg, not to exceed once every 24 hours [see Drug Interactions (7.2)].
5.3 Prolonged Erection
Prolonged erection greater than 4 hours and priapism (painful erections greater than 6 hours in duration) have been reported with other PDE5 inhibitors. In the event of an erection that persists longer than 4 hours, the patient should seek immediate medical assistance. If not treated immediately, penile tissue damage and permanent loss of potency could result.
STENDRA should be used with caution in patients with anatomical deformation of the penis (such as angulation, cavernosal fibrosis, or Peyronie's disease), or in patients who have conditions which may predispose them to priapism (such as sickle cell anemia, multiple myeloma, or leukemia).
5.4 Effects on Eye
Physicians should advise patients to stop use of all PDE5 inhibitors, including STENDRA and seek medical attention in the event of a sudden loss of vision in one or both eyes. Such an event may be a sign of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), a cause of decreased vision including permanent loss of vision that has been reported rarely postmarketing in temporal association with the use of all PDE5 inhibitors. It is not possible to determine whether these events are related directly to the use of PDE5 inhibitors or to other factors. Physicians should also discuss with patients the increased risk of NAION in individuals who have already experienced NAION in one eye, including whether such individuals could be adversely affected by use of vasodilators, such as PDE5 inhibitors [see Adverse Reactions (6)].
Patients with known hereditary degenerative retinal disorders, including retintis pigmentosa, were not included in the clinical trials of STENDRA, and use in these patients is not recommended.
5.5 Sudden Hearing Loss
Use of PDE5 inhibitors has been associated with sudden decrease or loss of hearing, which may be accompanied by tinnitus or dizziness. It is not possible to determine whether these events are related directly to the use of PDE5 inhibitors or to other factors [see Adverse Reactions (6)]. Patients experiencing these symptoms should be advised to stop taking STENDRA and seek prompt medical attention.
5.6 Alpha-Blockers and Other Antihypertensives
Physicians should discuss with patients the potential for STENDRA to augment the blood pressure-lowering effect of alpha-blockers and other antihypertensive medications [see Drug Interactions (7.1) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)].
Caution is advised when PDE5 inhibitors are co-administered with alpha-blockers. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, including STENDRA, and alpha-adrenergic blocking agents are both vasodilators with blood pressure-lowering effects. When vasodilators are used in combination, an additive effect on blood pressure may be anticipated. In some patients, concomitant use of these two drug classes can lower blood pressure significantly leading to symptomatic hypotension (e.g., dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting).
Consideration should be given to the following:
Patients should be stable on alpha-blocker therapy prior to initiating treatment with a PDE5 inhibitor. Patients who demonstrate hemodynamic instability on alpha-blocker therapy alone are at increased risk of symptomatic hypotension with concomitant use of PDE5 inhibitors.
In those patients who are stable on alpha-blocker therapy, PDE5 inhibitors should be initiated at the lowest dose (STENDRA 50 mg).
In those patients already taking an optimized dose of a PDE5 inhibitor, alpha-blocker therapy should be initiated at the lowest dose. Stepwise increase in alpha-blocker dose may be associated with further lowering of blood pressure when taking a PDE5 inhibitor.
Safety of combined use of PDE5 inhibitors and alpha-blockers may be affected by other variables, including intravascular volume depletion and other anti-hypertensive drugs [see Dosage and Administration (2) and Drug Interactions (7.1)].
5.7 Alcohol
Patients should be made aware that both alcohol and PDE5 inhibitors including STENDRA act as vasodilators. When vasodilators are taken in combination, blood-pressure-lowering effects of each individual compound may be increased. Therefore, physicians should inform patients that substantial consumption of alcohol (e.g., greater than 3 units) in combination with STENDRA may increase the potential for orthostatic signs and symptoms, including increase in heart rate, decrease in standing blood pressure, dizziness, and headache [see Drug Interactions (7.1) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)].
5.8 Combination with Other PDE5 Inhibitors or Erectile Dysfunction Therapies
The safety and efficacy of combinations of STENDRA with other treatments for ED has not been studied. Therefore, the use of such combinations is not recommended.
5.9 Effects on Bleeding
The safety of STENDRA is unknown in patients with bleeding disorders and patients with active peptic ulceration. In vitro studies with human platelets indicate that STENDRA potentiates the anti-aggregatory effect of sodium nitroprusside (a nitric oxide [NO] donor).
5.10 Counseling Patients about Sexually Transmitted Diseases
The use of STENDRA offers no protection against sexually transmitted diseases. Counseling patients about the protective measures necessary to guard against sexually transmitted diseases, including Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), should be considered.
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS
6.1 Clinical Trials Experience
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
STENDRA was administered to 1923 men during clinical trials. In trials of STENDRA for use as needed, a total of 493 patients were exposed for greater than or equal to 6 months, and 153 patients were treated for greater than or equal to 12 months.
In three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials lasting up to 3 months in duration, the mean age of patients was 56.4 years (range from 23 to 88 years). 83.9 % of patients were White (83.9%), 13.8% were Black, 1.4% Asian, and < 1% Hispanic. 41.1% were current or previous smokers. 30.6% had diabetes mellitus.
The discontinuation rate due to adverse reactions for patients treated with STENDRA 50 mg, 100 mg, or 200 mg was 1.4%, 2.0%, and 2.0%, respectively, compared to 1.7% for placebo-treated patients.
Table 1 presents the adverse reactions reported when STENDRA was taken as recommended (on an as-needed basis) from these 3 clinical trials.
Table 1: Adverse Reactions Reported by Greater Than or Equal to 2% of Patients Treated with STENDRA From 3 Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials Lasting 3 Months for STENDRA Use as Needed Adverse
Reaction Placebo
(N = 349) STENDRA
50 mg
(N = 217) STENDRA
100 mg
(N = 349) STENDRA
200 mg
(N = 352)
Headache 1.7% 5.1% 6.9% 10.5%
Flushing 0.0% 3.2% 4.3% 4.0%
Nasal congestion 1.1% 1.8% 2.9% 2.0%
Nasopharyngitis 2.9% 0.9% 2.6% 3.4%
Back pain 1.1% 3.2% 2.0% 1.1%
Adverse reactions reported by greater than or equal to 1%, but less than 2% of patients in any STENDRA dose group, and greater than placebo included: upper respiratory infection (URI), bronchitis, influenza, sinusitis, sinus congestion, hypertension, dyspepsia, nausea, constipation, and rash.
In an, open-label, long-term extension study of two of these randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, the total duration of treatment was up to 52 weeks. Among the 712 patients who participated in this open-label extension study, the mean age of the population was 56.4 years (range from 23 to 88 years). The discontinuation rate due to adverse reactions for patients treated with STENDRA (50 mg, 100 mg, or 200 mg) was 2.8%.
In this extension trial, all eligible patients were initially assigned to STENDRA 100 mg. At any point during the trial, patients could request to have their dose of STENDRA increased to 200 mg or decreased to 50 mg based on their individual response to treatment. In total, 536 (approximately 75%) patients increased their dose to 200 mg and 5 (less than 1%) patients reduced their dose to 50 mg.
Table 2 presents the adverse reactions reported when STENDRA was taken as recommended (on an as-needed basis) in this open-label extension trial.
Table 2: Adverse Reactions Reported by Greater Than or Equal to 2% of Patients Treated With STENDRA in an Open-Label Extension Trial Adverse Reaction STENDRA
(N = 711)
Headache 5.6%
Flushing 3.5%
Nasopharyngitis 3.4%
Nasal congestion 2.1%
Adverse reactions reported by greater than or equal to 1%, but less than 2% of patients in the open-label extension study included: upper respiratory infection (URI), influenza, sinusitis, bronchitis, dizziness, back pain, arthralgia, hypertension, and diarrhea.
In an additional, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study lasting up to 3 months in men who had undergone bilateral nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer, the mean age of patients was 58.4 years (range 40 – 70). Table 3 presents the adverse reactions reported in this additional study.
Table 3: Adverse Reactions Reported by Greater than or Equal to 2% of Patients Treated with STENDRA in a Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Lasting 3 Months in Patients Who Underwent Bilateral Nerve-Sparing Radical Prostatectomy Adverse Reaction Placebo
(N = 100) STENDRA
100 mg
(N = 99) STENDRA
200 mg
(N = 99)
Headache 1.0% 8.1% 12.1%
Flushing 0.0% 5.1% 10.1%
Nasopharyngitis 0.0% 3.0% 5.1%
Upper respiratory infection 0.0% 2.0% 3.0%
Nasal congestion 1.0% 3.0% 1.0%
Back pain 1.0% 3.0% 2.0%
Electrocardiogram abnormal 0.0% 1.0% 3.0%
Dizziness 0.0% 1.0% 2.0%
Across all trials with any STENDRA dose, 1 patient reported a change in color vision.
The following events occurred in less than 1% of patients in the three placebo-controlled 3-month clinical trials and/or the open-label, long-term extension study lasting 12 months. A causal relationship to STENDRA is uncertain. Excluded from this list are those events that were minor, those with no plausible relation to drug use and reports too imprecise to be meaningful.
Body as a whole — edema peripheral, fatigue
Cardiovascular — angina, unstable angina, deep vein thrombosis, palpitations
Digestive — gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hypoglycemia, blood glucose increased, alanine aminotransferase increased, oropharyngeal pain, stomach discomfort, vomiting
Musculoskeletal — muscle spasms, musculoskeletal pain, myalgia, pain in extremity
Nervous — depression, insomnia, somnolence, vertigo
Respiratory — cough, dyspnea exertional, epistaxis, wheezing
Skin and Appendages – pruritus
Urogenital – balanitis, erection increased, hematuria, nephrolithiasis, pollakiuria, urinary tract infection
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS
7.1 Potential for Pharmacodynamic Interactions with STENDRA
Nitrates
Administration of STENDRA to patients who are using any form of organic nitrate, is contraindicated. In a clinical pharmacology trial, STENDRA was shown to potentiate the hypotensive effect of nitrates. In a patient who has taken STENDRA, where nitrate administration is deemed medically necessary in a life-threatening situation, at least 12 hours should elapse after the last dose of STENDRA before nitrate administration is considered. In such circumstances, nitrates should only be administered under close medical supervision with appropriate hemodynamic monitoring [see Contraindications (4.1), Dosage and Administration (2.3), and Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)].
Alpha-Blockers
Caution is advised when PDE5 inhibitors are co-administered with alpha-blockers. PDE5 inhibitors, including STENDRA, and alpha-adrenergic blocking agents are both vasodilators with blood pressure-lowering effects. When vasodilators are used in combination, an additive effect on blood pressure may be anticipated. In some patients, concomitant use of these two drug classes can lower blood pressure significantly leading to symptomatic hypotension (e.g., dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6), Dosage and Administration (2.3), and Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)].
Antihypertensives
PDE5 inhibitors, including STENDRA, are mild systemic vasodilators. A clinical pharmacology trial was conducted to assess the effect of STENDRA on the potentiation of the blood pressure-lowering effects of selected antihypertensive medications (amlodipine and enalapril). Additional reductions in blood pressure of 3 to 5 mmHg occurred following co-administration of a single 200 mg dose STENDRA with these agents compared with placebo [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)].
Alcohol
Both alcohol and PDE5 inhibitors, including STENDRA, act as vasodilators. When vasodilators are taken in combination, blood pressure-lowering effects of each individual compound may be increased. Substantial consumption of alcohol (e.g., greater than 3 units) in combination with STENDRA can increase the potential for orthostatic signs and symptoms, including increase in heart rate, decrease in standing blood pressure, dizziness, and headache. [see Drug Interactions (7.1) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)].
7.2 Potential for Other Drugs to Affect STENDRA
STENDRA is a substrate of and predominantly metabolized by CYP3A4. Studies have shown that drugs that inhibit CYP3A4 can increase avanafil exposure.
Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors
Ketoconazole (400 mg daily), a selective and strong inhibitor of CYP3A4, increased STENDRA 50 mg single-dose systemic exposure (AUC) and maximum concentration (Cmax) equal to 13-fold and 3-fold, respectively and prolonged the half-life of avanafil to approximately 9 hours. Other potent inhibitors of CYP3A4 (e.g. , itraconazole, clarithromycin, nefazadone, ritonavir, saquinavir, nelfinavir, indinavir, atanazavir and telithromycin) would be expected to have similar effects. Do not use STENDRA in patients taking strong CYP3A4 inhibitors [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Dosage and Administration (2.3)].
HIV Protease inhibitor — Ritonavir (600 mg twice daily), a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, which also inhibits CYP2C9, increased STENDRA 50 mg single-dose Cmax and AUC equal to approximately 2-fold and 13-fold, and prolonged the half-life of avanafil to approximately 9 hours in healthy volunteers. Do not use STENDRA in patients taking ritonavir.
Moderate CYP 3A4 Inhibitors
Erythromycin (500 mg twice daily) increased STENDRA 200 mg single-dose Cmax and AUC equal to approximately 2-fold and 3-fold, respectively, and prolonged the half-life of avanafil to approximately 8 hours in healthy volunteers. Moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., erythromycin, amprenavir, aprepitant, diltiazem, fluconazole, fosamprenavir, and verapamil) would be expected to have similar effects. Consequently, the maximum recommended dose of STENDRA is 50 mg, not to exceed once every 24 hours for patients taking concomitant moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Drug Interactions (7.2)].
Although specific interactions have not been studied, other CYP3A4 inhibitors, including grapefruit juice are likely to increase avanafil exposure.
Weak CYP3A4 Inhibitors
No in vivo drug-drug interaction studies with weak CYP3A4 inhibitors were conducted.
CYP3A4 Substrate
When administered with STENDRA 200 mg, amlodipine (5 mg daily) increased the Cmax and AUC of avanafil by approximately 22% and 70%, respectively. The half-life of STENDRA was prolonged to approximately 10 hrs. The Cmax and AUC of amlodipine decreased by approximately 9% and 4%, respectively. [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)].
Cytochrome P450 Inducers
The potential effect of CYP inducers on the pharmacokinetics of avanafil was not eva luated. The concomitant use of STENDRA and CYP inducers is not recommended.
7.3 Potential for STENDRA to Affect Other Drugs
In vitro studies
Avanafil had no effect on CYP1A1/2, 2A6, 2B6 and 2E1 (IC50 greater than 100 micromolar) and weak inhibitory effects toward other isoforms (CYP2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4). Major circulating metabolites of avanafil (M4 and M16) had no effect on CYPs 1A, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1 and 3A4. Avanafil and its metabolites (M4 and M16) are unlikely to cause clinically significant inhibition of CYPs 1A, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1 or 3A4.
In vivo studies
Warfar |
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