Generic Name: Atropine sulfate
Dosage Form: injection, solution
Atropine SULFATE
Injection, USP
0.1 mg/mL
LIFESHIELD®
ABBOJECT Unit of Use Syringe
Rx only
Atropine Description
Atropine Sulfate Injection, USP is a sterile, nonpyrogenic isotonic solution of Atropine sulfate monohydrate in water for injection with sodium chloride sufficient to render the solution isotonic. It is administered parenterally by subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravenous injection.
Each milliliter (mL) contains Atropine sulfate, monohydrate 0.1 mg (adult strength) and sodium chloride, 9 mg. May contain sodium hydroxide and/or sulfuric acid for pH adjustment 0.308 mOsmol/mL (calc.). pH 4.2 (3.0 to 6.5).
The solution contains no bacteriostat, antimicrobial agent or added buffer (except for pH adjustment) and is intended for use only as a single-dose injection. When smaller doses are required the unused portion should be discarded.
Atropine Sulfate Injection is a parenteral anticholinergic agent and muscarinic antagonist.
Atropine Sulfate, USP is chemically designated 1α H, 5α H-Tropan-3-α ol (±)-tropate (ester), sulfate (2:1) (salt) monohydrate, (C17H23NO3)2 • H2SO4 • H2O, colorless crystals or white crystalline powder very soluble in water.
It has the following structural formula:
Atropine, a naturally occurring belladonna alkaloid, is a racemic mixture of equal parts of d- and 1-hyocyamine, whose activity is due almost entirely to the levo isomer of the drug.
Sodium Chloride, USP is chemically designated NaCl, a white crystalline powder freely soluble in water.
Atropine - Clinical Pharmacology
Atropine is commonly classified as an anticholinergic or antiparasympathetic (parasympatholytic) drug. More precisely, however, it is termed an antimuscarinic agent since it antagonizes the muscarine-like actions of acetyl-choline and other choline esters.
Atropine inhibits the muscarinic actions of acetylcholine on structures innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves, and on smooth muscles which respond to endogenous acetylcholine but are not so innervated. As with other antimuscarinic agents, the major action of Atropine is a competitive or surmountable antagonism which can be overcome by increasing the concentration of acetylcholine at receptor sites of the effector organ (e.g., by using anticholinesterase agents which inhibit the enzymatic destruction of acetylcholine). The receptors antagonized by Atropine are the peripheral structures that are stimulated or inhibited by muscarine (i.e., exocrine glands and smooth and cardiac muscle). Responses to postganglionic cholinergic nerve stimulation also may be inhibited by Atropine but this occurs less readily than with responses to injected (exogenous) choline esters.
Atropine-induced parasympathetic inhibition may be preceded by a transient phase of stimulation, especially on the heart where small doses first slow the rate before characteristic tachycardia develops due to paralysis of vagal control. Atropine exerts a more potent and prolonged effect on heart, intestine and bronchial muscle than scopolamine, but its action on the iris, ciliary body and certain secretory glands is weaker than that of scopolamine. Unlike the latter, Atropine in clinical doses does not depress the central nervous system but may stimulate the medulla and higher cerebral centers. Although mild vagal excitation occurs, the increased respir |
