|
ORFADIN ® (nitisinone) capsules
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION
These highlights do not include all the information needed to use ORFADIN safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for ORFADIN.
ORFADIN ® (nitisinone) capsules, for oral use
ORFADIN ® (nitisinone) oral suspension
Initial U.S. Approval: 2002
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
ORFADIN is a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT-1) in combination with dietary restriction of tyrosine and phenylalanine. ( 1)
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
Recommended Dosage (2.1):
-
The recommended initial dosage is 0.5 mg/kg orally twice daily.
-
Titrate the dose based on biochemical and/or clinical response, as described in the full prescribing information.
-
The maximum dosage is 1 mg/kg orally twice daily.
Preparation and Administration Instructions (2.2):
-
For instructions on preparing, measuring and administering the oral suspension, see the full prescribing information.
-
Maintain dietary restriction of tyrosine and phenylalanine
-
Take ORFADIN capsules at least one hour before, or two hours after a meal
-
For patients who have difficulties swallowing capsules and who are intolerant to the oral suspension, the capsules may be opened and the contents suspended in a small amount of water, formula or apple sauce immediately before use.
-
Take ORFADIN oral suspension without regard to meals.
DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
-
Capsules: 2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg. (3)
-
Oral suspension: 4 mg/mL (3)
CONTRAINDICATIONS
None (4)
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
-
Elevated Plasma Tyrosine Levels, Ocular Symptoms, Developmental Delay and Hyperkeratotic Plaques: Inadequate restriction of tyrosine and phenylalanine intake can lead to elevations in plasma tyrosine, which at levels above 500 micromol/L can result in symptoms, intellectual disability and developmental delay or painful hyperkeratotic plaques on the soles and palms; do not adjust ORFADIN dosage in order to lower the plasma tyrosine concentration. Obtain slit-lamp examination prior to treatment and re-examination if symptoms develop. Assess plasma tyrosine levels in patients with an abrupt change in neurologic status. (5.1)
-
Leukopenia and Severe Thrombocytopenia: Monitor platelet and white blood cell counts. (5.2)
-
Risk of Adverse Reactions Due to Glycerol Content of ORFADIN Oral Suspension: Doses of 20 mL of ORFADIN oral suspension may cause headache, upset stomach and diarrhea due to the glycerol content. Consider switching patients to ORFADIN capsules. (5.3)
ADVERSE REACTIONS
Most common adverse reactions (>1%) are elevated tyrosine levels, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, conjunctivitis, corneal opacity, keratitis, photophobia, eye pain, blepharitis, cataracts, granulocytopenia, epistaxis, pruritus, exfoliative dermatitis, dry skin, maculopapular rash and alopecia. (6.1)
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Swedish Orphan Biovitrum at 1-866-773-5274 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
CYP2C9 Substrates: Potential for increased systemic exposure of these co-administered drugs, additional monitoring may be warranted. (7.1)
See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION.
Revised: 4/2016
FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS*
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
ORFADIN® is indicated for the treatment of patients with hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT-1) in combination with dietary restriction of tyrosine and phenylalanine.
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
2.1 Dosage
The recommended starting dosage of ORFADIN is 0.5 mg/kg orally twice daily. Titrate the dose for indiviudal patients, as needed based on biochemical and/or clinical response. Adjust the dose of nitisinone should be adjusted individually. Monitor plasma and/or urine succinylacetone concentrations, liver function parameters and alpha-fetoprotein levels. If succinylacetone is still detectable one month after the start of nitisinone treatment, increase the nitisinone dosage to 0.75 mg/kg twice daily. A maximum dosage of 1 mg/kg orally twice daily may be needed based on the eva luation of all biochemical parameters.
If the biochemical response is satisfactory, the dosage should be adjusted only according to body weight gain.
In addition to the tests above, during the initiation of therapy or if there is a deterioration in the patient's condition, it may be necessary to follow all available biochemical parameters more closely (i.e. plasma succinylacetone, urine 5-aminolevulinate (ALA) and erythrocyte porphobilinogen (PBG)-synthase activity).
2.2 Preparation and Administration Instructions
Preparation of the Oral Suspension
The oral suspension will be dispensed with an oral syringe of appropriate size and a bottle adaptor provided by a pharmacist or other healthcare provider.
Preparing a Bottle Without the Adapter Already Inserted:
-
Store the bottle in the refrigerator prior to first use.
-
Remove the bottle from the refrigerator. Calculate 60 days from when the bottle is removed from the refrigerator. Write this date as the “Discard after” date on the bottle label.
-
Allow the bottle to warm to room temperature (30 to 60 minutes).
-
Shake the bottle vigorously for at least 20 seconds until the solid cake at the bottom of the bottle is completely dispersed. Check that there are no particles left at the bottom of the bottle. Foam will form in the bottle.
-
Insert the bottle adapter.
Preparing a Bottle With the Adapter Inserted:
-
Shake the bottle vigorously for at least 5 seconds. Check that there are no particles left at the bottom of the bottle. Foam will form in the bottle.
Measuring and Administering the Dose
Once the bottle is prepared with the adapter:
-
Use the oral syringe to measure the dose.
-
Keep the bottle upright and insert the oral syringe into the adapter.
-
Carefully turn the bottle upside down with the oral syringe in place. Wait for the foam to rise to the top of the bottle.
-
Pull back on the syringe plunger to withdraw the dose.
-
Leave the syringe in the adapter and turn the bottle upright.
-
Remove the syring efrom the adapter by gently twisting it out of the bottle.
-
Dispense the dose into the patient's mouth.
-
Do not remove the bottle adapter.
-
Store the bottle at room temperature (not above 25°C).
Administration of ORFADIN Capsules and Oral Suspension
-
Maintain dietary restriction of tyrosine and phenylalanine when taking ORFADIN.
-
Capsules: Take at least one hour before, or two hours after a meal [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. For patients who have difficulty swallowing the capsules and who are intolerant to the oral suspension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3]), the capsules may be opened and the contents suspended in a small amount of water, formula or apple sauce immediately before use.
-
Oral suspension: Take without regard to meals [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
-
Capsules: 2 mg, 5 mg, and 10 mg white capsules imprinted with “NTBC” followed by “2 mg”, “5 mg”, or “10 mg”, indicating the actual amount of nitisinone in each capsule.
-
Oral suspension: 4 mg/mL, a white, slightly viscous opaque suspension.
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
5.1 Elevated Plasma Tyrosine Levels, Ocular Symptoms, Developmental Delay and Hyperkeratotic Plaques
ORFADIN is an inhibitor of 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase, an enzyme in the tyrosine metabolic pathway [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)]. Therefore, treatment with ORFADIN may cause an increase in plasma tyrosine levels in patients with HT-1. Maintain concomitant reduction in dietary tyrosine and phenylalanine while on ORFADIN treatment. Do not adjust ORFADIN dosage in order to lower the plasma tyrosine concentration. Maintain plasma tyrosine levels below 500 micromol/L. Inadequate restriction of tyrosine and phenylalanine intake can lead to elevations in plasma tyrosine levels and levels greater than 500 micromol/L may lead to the following:
-
Ocular signs and symptoms including corneal ulcers, corneal opacities, keratitis, conjunctivitis, eye pain, and photophobia have been reported in patients treated with ORFADIN [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Therefore, ophthalmologic examination including slit-lamp examination should be performed prior to initiating ORFADIN treatment. Patients who develop photophobia, eye pain, or signs of inflammation such as redness, swelling, or burning of the eyes during treatment with ORFADIN should undergo slit-lamp reexamination and immediate measurement of the plasma tyrosine concentration.
-
Variable degrees of intellectual disability and developmental delay. In patients treated with ORFADIN who exhibit an abrupt change
|
|
