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JUVISYNC (sitagliptin and simvastatin) Tablets
2015-04-28 19:57:31 来源: 作者: 【 】 浏览:370次 评论:0
  • HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION
    These highlights do not include all the information needed to use JUVISYNC safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for JUVISYNC.

    JUVISYNC™ (sitagliptin and simvastatin) Tablets
    Initial U.S. Approval: 2011

    RECENT MAJOR CHANGES

    Dosage and Administration  
      Patients with Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia (2.5) 10/2013
    Contraindications (4) 02/2014
    Warnings and Precautions  
      Myopathy/Rhabdomyolysis (5.2) 02/2014
    INDICATIONS AND USAGE

    JUVISYNC (sitagliptin and simvastatin) is indicated in patients for whom treatment with both sitagliptin and simvastatin is appropriate. (1) Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (1.1)

    Simvastatin is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) indicated as an adjunctive therapy to diet to:

    • Reduce the risk of total mortality by reducing CHD deaths and reduce the risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and the need for revascularization procedures in patients at high risk of coronary events. (1.2)
    • Reduce elevated total-C, LDL-C, Apo B, TG and increase HDL-C in patients with primary hyperlipidemia (heterozygous familial and nonfamilial) and mixed dyslipidemia. (1.2)
    • Reduce elevated TG in patients with hypertriglyceridemia and reduce TG and VLDL-C in patients with primary dysbeta-lipoproteinemia. (1.2)
    • Reduce total-C and LDL-C in adult patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. (1.2)

    Important Limitations of Use:

    • JUVISYNC should not be used in patients with type 1 diabetes or for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. (1.3)
    • JUVISYNC has not been studied in patients with a history of pancreatitis. (1.3, 5.1)
    • JUVISYNC has not been studied in Fredrickson types I and V dyslipidemias. (1.3)
    • Patients with severe renal impairment who require sitagliptin 25 mg should not use JUVISYNC due to the unavailability of this dosage strength for JUVISYNC. (1.3)
    DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
    • Doses are 100 mg/10 mg, 100 mg/20 mg, 100 mg/40 mg, 50 mg/10 mg, 50 mg/20 mg, and 50 mg/40 mg per day. (2.1)
    • Recommended usual starting dose for patients with normal or mildly impaired renal function is 100 mg/40 mg once a day in the evening. (2.1)
    • Adjustment of the starting dose to 50 mg/40 mg once a day is recommended for patients with moderate renal impairment (CrCl greater than or equal to 30 to less than 50 mL/min, equivalent to serum Cr levels greater than 1.7 to less than or equal to 3.0 mg/dL for men and greater than 1.5 to less than or equal to 2.5 mg/dL for women). (2.2)
    • Patients already taking simvastatin (10, 20, or 40 mg) can initiate JUVISYNC at a dose of 100 or 50 mg sitagliptin and the dose of simvastatin already being taken. (2.1)
     
     DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

    Tablets (sitagliptin/simvastatin): 100 mg/10 mg, 100 mg/20 mg, 100 mg/40 mg, 50 mg/10 mg, 50 mg/20 mg, and 50 mg/40 mg (3)
    CONTRAINDICATIONS

    • History of a serious hypersensitivity reaction, such as anaphylaxis or angioedema, to any component of this medication. (4, 5.6, 6.2)
    • Concomitant administration of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors. (4, 5.2)
    • Concomitant administration of gemfibrozil, cyclosporine, or danazol. (4, 5.2)
    • Active liver disease, which may include unexplained persistent elevations in hepatic transaminase levels. (4, 5.3)
    • Women who are pregnant or may become pregnant. (4, 8.1)
    • Nursing mothers. (4, 8.3)

    WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

    • There have been postmarketing reports of acute pancreatitis, including fatal and non-fatal hemorrhagic or necrotizing pancreatitis. If pancreatitis is suspected, promptly discontinue JUVISYNC. (5.1)
    • Skeletal muscle effects (e.g., myopathy and rhabdomyolysis): Risks increase with higher doses and concomitant use of certain medicines. Predisposing factors include advanced age (≥65), female gender, uncontrolled hypothyroidism, and renal impairment. (4, 5.2, 8.5)
    • Patients should be advised to report promptly any unexplained and/or persistent muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness. JUVISYNC therapy should be discontinued immediately if myopathy is diagnosed or suspected. See Drug Interaction table. (5.2)
    • Liver enzyme abnormalities: Persistent elevations in hepatic transaminase can occur. Check liver enzyme tests before initiating therapy and as clinically indicated thereafter. (5.3)
    • There have been postmarketing reports of acute renal failure, sometimes requiring dialysis, in patients treated with sitagliptin. Assessment of renal function is recommended prior to initiation of JUVISYNC and periodically thereafter. (5.4, 6.2)
    • There is an increased risk of hypoglycemia when JUVISYNC is added to an insulin secretagogue (e.g., sulfonylurea) or insulin therapy. Consider lowering the dose of the sulfonylurea or insulin to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. (2.3, 5.5)
    • There have been postmarketing reports of serious allergic and hypersensitivity reactions in patients treated with sitagliptin such as anaphylaxis, angioedema, and exfoliative skin conditions including Stevens-Johnson syndrome. In such cases, promptly stop JUVISYNC, assess for other potential causes, institute appropriate monitoring and treatment, and initiate alternative treatment. (5.6, 6.2)
     ADVERSE REACTIONS

    Most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥5%) with simvastatin are: upper respiratory infection, headache, abdominal pain, constipation, and nausea. Adverse reactions reported in ≥5% of patients treated with sitagliptin and more commonly than in patients treated with placebo are: upper respiratory tract infection, nasopharyngitis and headache. In the add-on to sulfonylurea and add-on to insulin studies, hypoglycemia was also more commonly reported in patients treated with sitagliptin compared to placebo. (6.1)

    To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., at 1-877-888-4231 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

     DRUG INTERACTIONS
    Drug Interactions Associated with Increased Risk of Myopathy/Rhabdomyolysis (2.4, 2.5, 4, 5.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 12.3)
    Interacting Agents Prescribing Recommendations
    *
    For patients with HoFH who have been taking 80 mg simvastatin chronically (e.g., for 12 months or more) without evidence of muscle toxicity, do not exceed 40 mg simvastatin when taking lomitapide.
    Strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., itraconazole, ketoconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, erythromycin, clarithromycin, telithromycin, HIV protease inhibitors, boceprevir, telaprevir, nefazodone, cobicistat-containing products), gemfibrozil, cyclosporine, danazol Contraindicated with JUVISYNC
    Verapamil, diltiazem, dronedarone Do not exceed 10 mg simvastatin (100 mg/10 mg or 50 mg/10 mg JUVISYNC) daily
    Amiodarone, amlodipine, ranolazine Do not exceed 20 mg simvastatin (100 mg/20 mg or 50 mg/20 mg JUVISYNC) daily
    Lomitapide For patients with HoFH, do not exceed 20 mg simvastatin (100 mg/20 mg or 50 mg/20 mg JUVISYNC) daily*
    Grapefruit juice Avoid grapefruit juice
    • Coumarin anticoagulants: Concomitant use with simvastatin prolongs INR. Achieve stable INR prior to starting JUVISYNC. Monitor INR frequently until stable upon initiation or alteration of JUVISYNC therapy. (7.6)
    • Other lipid-lowering medications: Use with other fibrate products or lipid-modifying doses (≥1 g/day) of niacin increases the risk of adverse skeletal muscle effects. Caution should be used when prescribing with JUVISYNC. (5.2, 7.2, 7.4).
    USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
    • Safety and effectiveness of JUVISYNC in children under 18 years have not been established. (8.4)
    • There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. (8.1)
     See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION and Medication Guide.

    Revised: 2/2014

  • FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS*

    1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

    1.1 Sitagliptin

    1.2 Simvastatin

    1.3 Important Limitations of Use

    2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

    2.1 Recommended Dosing

    2.2 Patients with Renal Impairment

    2.3 Concomitant Use with an Insulin Secretagogue (e.g., Sulfonylurea) or with Insulin

    2.4 Coadministration with Other Drugs

    2.5 Patients with Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia

    2.6 Chinese Patients Taking Lipid-Modifying Doses (greater than or equal to 1 g/day Niacin) of Niacin-Containing Products

    3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

    4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

    5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

    5.1 Pancreatitis

    5.2 Myopathy/Rhabdomyolysis

    5.3 Liver Dysfunction

    5.4 Renal Impairment

    5.5 Use with Medications Known to Cause Hypoglycemia

    5.6 Hypersensitivity Reactions

    5.7 Endocrine Function

    6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

    6.1 Clinical Trials Experience

    6.2 Postmarketing Experience

    7 DRUG INTERACTIONS

    7.1 Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors, Cyclosporine, or Danazol

    7.2 Lipid-Lowering Drugs That Can Cause Myopathy When Given Alone

    7.3 Amiodarone, Dronedarone, Ranolazine, or Calcium Channel Blockers

    7.4 Niacin

    7.5 Digoxin

    7.6 Coumarin Anticoagulants

    7.7 Colchicine

    8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

    8.1 Pregnancy

    8.3 Nursing Mothers

    8.4 Pediatric Use

    8.5 Geriatric Use

    8.6 Renal Impairment

    8.7 Hepatic Impairment

    10 OVERDOSAGE

    11 DESCRIPTION

    12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

    12.1 Mechanism of Action

    12.2 Pharmacodynamics

    12.3 Pharmacokinetics

    13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

    13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

    13.2 Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology

    14 CLINICAL STUDIES

    14.1 Sitagliptin Clinical Studies

    14.2 Simvastatin Clinical Studies

    16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING

    17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION

    17.1 Instructions

    17.2 Laboratory Tests

    17.3 Muscle Pain

    17.4 Pregnancy

    17.5 Breastfeeding

    *
    Sections or subsections omitted from the full prescribing information are not listed.
  • 1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

     

    JUVISYNC™ (sitagliptin and simvastatin) is indicated in patients for whom treatment with both sitagliptin and simvastatin is appropriate.

     

    1.1 Sitagliptin

    Sitagliptin is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. [See Clinical Studies (14.1).]

     

    1.2 Simvastatin

    Therapy with lipid-altering agents should be only one component of multiple risk factor intervention in individuals at significantly increased risk for atherosclerotic vascular disease due to hypercholesterolemia. Drug therapy is indicated as an adjunct to diet when the response to a diet restricted in saturated fat and cholesterol and other nonpharmacologic measures alone has been inadequate. In patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) or at high risk of CHD, simvastatin can be started simultaneously with diet.

     

    Reductions in Risk of CHD Mortality and Cardiovascular Events

    In patients at high risk of coronary events because of existing coronary heart disease, diabetes, peripheral vessel disease, history of stroke or other cerebrovascular disease, simvastatin is indicated to:

    • Reduce the risk of total mortality by reducing CHD deaths.
    • Reduce the risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction and stroke.
    • Reduce the need for coronary and non-coronary revascularization procedures.

     

    Hyperlipidemia

    Simvastatin is indicated to:

    • Reduce elevated total cholesterol (total-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B (Apo B), and triglycerides (TG), and to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in patients with primary hyperlipidemia (Fredrickson type IIa, heterozygous familial and nonfamilial) or mixed dyslipidemia (Fredrickson type IIb).
    • Reduce elevated TG in patients with hypertriglyceridemia (Fredrickson type lV hyperlipidemia).
    • Reduce elevated TG and VLDL-C in patients with primary dysbetalipoproteinemia (Fredrickson type lll hyperlipidemia).
    • Reduce total-C and LDL-C in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) as an adjunct to other lipid-lowering treatments (e.g., LDL apheresis) or if such treatments are unavailable.

     

    1.3 Important Limitations of Use

    JUVISYNC should not be used in patients with type 1 diabetes or for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, as it would not be effective in these settings.

    JUVISYNC has not been studied in patients with a history of pancreatitis. It is unknown whether patients with a history of pancreatitis are at increased risk for the development of pancreatitis while using JUVISYNC. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.1).]

    JUVISYNC has not been studied in conditions where the major abnormality is elevation of chylomicrons (i.e., hyperlipidemia Fredrickson types I and V).

    Because doses of JUVISYNC appropriate for patients with severe renal impairment (CrCl <30 mL/min, approximately corresponding to serum creatinine levels of >3.0 mg/dL in men and >2.5 mg/dL in women) or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are not available in this combination product, JUVISYNC is not recommended in patients with severe renal impairment or ESRD.

  • 2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

     

     

    2.1 Recommended Dosing

    The dosages for therapy with JUVISYNC are 100 mg/10 mg, 100 mg/20 mg, 100 mg/40 mg, 50 mg/10 mg, 50 mg/20 mg, and 50 mg/40 mg (sitagliptin/simvastatin) once daily. JUVISYNC should be taken as a single daily dose in the evening. JUVISYNC must not be split or divided before swallowing.

    The recommended starting dose is 100 mg/40 mg per day. For patients already taking simvastatin (10, 20, or 40 mg daily) with or without sitagliptin 100 mg daily, JUVISYNC may be initiated at the dose of 100 mg sitagliptin and the dose of simvastatin already being taken.

    After initiation or titration of JUVISYNC, lipid levels may be analyzed after 4 or more weeks and dosage adjusted, if needed.

     

    2.2 Patients with Renal Impairment

    JUVISYNC is not recommended in patients with severe renal impairment or ESRD. JUVISYNC can be used in patients with normal renal function or mild renal impairment (creatinine clearance [CrCl] greater than or equal to 50 mL/min, approximately corresponding to serum creatinine levels of less than or equal to 1.7 mg/dL in men and less than or equal to 1.5 mg/dL in women), without adjustment of the sitagliptin dose. Because simvastatin does not undergo significant renal excretion, modification of the dose of the simvastatin component should not be necessary in patients with mild renal impairment.

    For patients with moderate renal impairment (CrCl greater than or equal to 30 to less than 50 mL/min, approximately corresponding to serum creatinine levels of greater than 1.7 to less than or equal to 3.0 mg/dL in men and greater than 1.5 to less than or equal to 2.5 mg/dL in women), the recommended starting dose of JUVISYNC is 50 mg/40 mg once daily. For patients with moderate renal impairment who are already taking simvastatin (10, 20, or 40 mg daily) with or without sitagliptin 50 mg daily, JUVISYNC may be initiated at the dose of 50 mg sitagliptin and the dose of simvastatin already being taken.

    Assessment of renal function is recommended prior to initiation of JUVISYNC and periodically thereafter. Creatinine clearance can be estimated from serum creatinine using the Cockcroft-Gault formula. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.4); Clinical Pharmacology (12.3).] There have been postmarketing reports of worsening renal function in patients with renal impairment treated with sitagliptin, some of whom were prescribed inappropriate doses of sitagliptin.

     

    2.3 Concomitant Use with an Insulin Secretagogue (e.g., Sulfonylurea) or with Insulin

    When JUVISYNC is used in combination with an insulin secretagogue (e.g., sulfonylurea) or with insulin, a lower dose of the insulin secretagogue or insulin may be required to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.5).]

     

    2.4 Coadministration with Other Drugs

     

    Patients taking Verapamil, Diltiazem, or Dronedarone

     

    Patients taking Amiodarone, Amlodipine or Ranolazine

     

    2.5 Patients with Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia

    The recommended dosage is 100 mg/40 mg (for patients with normal or mildly impaired renal function) or 50 mg/40 mg (for patients with moderately impaired renal function) per day in the evening. JUVISYNC should be used as an adjunct to other lipid-lowering treatments (e.g., LDL apheresis) in these patients or if such treatments are unavailable.

    Simvastatin exposure is approximately doubled with concomitant use of lomitapide; therefore, the dose of simvastatin should be reduced by 50% if initiating lomitapide. For patients with normal or mildly impaired renal function, JUVISYNC dosage should not exceed 100 mg/20 mg daily (or 100 mg/40 mg daily for patients who have previously taken simvastatin 80 mg daily chronically, e.g., for 12 months or more, without evidence of muscle toxicity) while taking lomitapide. For patients with moderately impaired renal function, JUVISYNC dosage should not exceed 50 mg/20 mg daily (or 50 mg/40 mg daily for patients who have previously taken simvastatin 80 mg daily chronically, e.g., for 12 months or more, without evidence of muscle toxicity) while taking lomitapide.

     

    2.6 Chinese Patients Taking Lipid-Modifying Doses (greater than or equal to 1 g/day Niacin) of Niacin-Containing Products

    Because of an increased risk for myopathy in Chinese patients taking simvastatin 40 mg coadministered with lipid-modifying doses (greater than or equal to 1 g/day niacin) of niacin-containing products, caution should be used when treating Chinese patients with JUVISYNC 100 mg/40 mg or 50 mg/40 mg per day coadministered with lipid-modifying doses of niacin-containing products. The cause of the increased risk of myopathy is not known. It is also unknown if the risk for myopathy with coadministration of JUVISYNC with lipid-modifying doses of niacin-containing products observed in Chinese patients applies to other Asian patients. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.2).]

  • 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

     

    • JUVISYNC 100 mg/10 mg tablets are pink-beige, bi-convex round, film-coated tablets, coded with the Merck logo and "753" on one side and plain on the other.
    • JUVISYNC 100 mg/20 mg tablets are pink-beige, bi-convex modified capsule-shaped, film-coated tablets, coded with the Merck logo and "757" on one side and plain on the other.
    • JUVISYNC 100 mg/40 mg tablets are orange-beige, bi-convex modified capsule-shaped, film-coated tablets, coded with the Merck logo and "773" on one side and plain on the other.
    • JUVISYNC 50 mg/10 mg tablets are red, bi-convex modified capsule-shaped, film-coated tablets, coded with the Merck logo and "533" on one side and plain on the other.
    • JUVISYNC 50 mg/20 mg tablets are orange-beige, bi-convex modified capsule-shaped, film-coated tablets, coded with the Merck logo and "535" on one side and plain on the other.
    • JUVISYNC 50 mg/40 mg tablets are red, bi-convex modified capsule-shaped, film-coated tablets, coded with the Merck logo and "537" on one side and plain on the other.
  • 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

     

    JUVISYNC is contraindicated in the following conditions:

    • History of a serious hypersensitivity reaction, such as anaphylaxis or angioedema, to any component of this medication. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.6); Adverse Reactions (6.2).]
    • Concomitant administration of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., itraconazole, ketoconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, HIV protease inhibitors, boceprevir, telaprevir, erythromycin, clarithromycin, telithromycin, nefazodone, and cobicistat-containing products) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
    • Concomitant administration of gemfibrozil, cyclosporine, or danazol [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
    • Active liver disease, which may include unexplained persistent elevations in hepatic transaminase levels [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
    • Women who are pregnant or may become pregnant. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides increase during normal pregnancy, and cholesterol or cholesterol derivatives are essential for fetal development. Because HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) decrease cholesterol synthesis and possibly the synthesis of other biologically active substances derived from cholesterol, simvastatin may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Atherosclerosis is a chronic process and the discontinuation of lipid-lowering drugs during pregnancy should have little impact on the outcome of long-term therapy of primary hypercholesterolemia. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of use with JUVISYNC during pregnancy; however, in rare reports congenital anomalies were observed following intrauterine exposure to statins. In rat and rabbit animal reproduction studies, simvastatin revealed no evidence of teratogenicity. JUVISYNC should be administered to women of childbearing age only when such patients are highly unlikely to conceive. If the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, JUVISYNC should be discontinued immediately and the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].
    • Nursing mothers. Because statins have the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants, women who require treatment with JUVISYNC should not breastfeed their infants. A small amount of another drug in the statin class passes into breast milk. It is not known whether simvastatin is excreted into human milk [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)].
  • 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

     

     

    5.1 Pancreatitis

    There have been postmarketing reports of acute pancreatitis, including fatal and non-fatal hemorrhagic or necrotizing pancreatitis, in patients taking sitagliptin. After initiation of JUVISYNC, patients should be observed carefully for signs and symptoms of pancreatitis. If pancreatitis is suspected, JUVISYNC should promptly be discontinued and appropriate management should be initiated. It is unknown whether patients with a history of pancreatitis are at increased risk for the development of pancreatitis while using JUVISYNC. [See also Adverse Reactions (6.2).]

     

    5.2 Myopathy/Rhabdomyolysis

    Simvastatin occasionally causes myopathy manifested as muscle pain, tenderness or weakness with creatine kinase (CK) above ten times the upper limit of normal (ULN). Myopathy sometimes takes the form of rhabdomyolysis with or without acute renal failure secondary to myoglobinuria, and rare fatalities have occurred. The risk of myopathy is increased by high levels of statin activity in plasma. Predisposing factors for myopathy include advanced age (≥65 years), female gender, uncontrolled hypothyroidism, and renal impairment.

    The risk of myopathy, including rhabdomyolysis, is dose related. In a clinical trial database in which 41,413 patients were treated with simvastatin, 24,747 (approximately 60%) of whom were enrolled in studies with a median follow-up of at least 4 years, the incidence of myopathy was approximately 0.03% and 0.08% at 20 and 40 mg/day, respectively. The incidence of myopathy with 80 mg (0.61%) was disproportionately higher than that observed at the lower doses. In these trials, patients were carefully monitored and some interacting medicinal products were excluded.

    In a clinical trial in which 12,064 patients with a history of myocardial infarction were treated with simvastatin (mean follow-up 6.7 years), the incidence of myopathy (defined as unexplained muscle weakness or pain with a serum creatine kinase [CK] >10 times upper limit of normal [ULN]) in patients on 20 mg/day was approximately 0.02%; in patients treated with 80 mg/day, the incidence was 0.9%. The incidence of rhabdomyolysis (defined as myopathy with a CK >40 times ULN) in patients on 20 mg/day was 0%; in patients on 80 mg/day, the incidence was approximately 0.4%. The incidence of myopathy, including rhabdomyolysis, was highest during the first year and then notably decreased during the subsequent years of treatment. In this trial, patients were carefully monitored and some interacting medicinal products were excluded.

    There have been rare reports of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), an autoimmune myopathy, associated with statin use. IMNM is characterized by: proximal muscle weakness and elevated serum creatine kinase, which persist despite discontinuation of statin treatment; muscle biopsy showing necrotizing myopathy without significant inflammation; improvement with immunosuppressive agents.

    All patients starting therapy with JUVISYNC, or whose dose of JUVISYNC is being increased, should be advised of the risk of myopathy, including rhabdomyolysis, and told to report promptly any unexplained muscle pain, tenderness or weakness particularly if accompanied by malaise or fever or if muscle signs and symptoms persist after discontinuing JUVISYNC. JUVISYNC therapy should be discontinued immediately if myopathy is diagnosed or suspected. In most cases, muscle symptoms and CK increases resolved when treatment was promptly discontinued. Periodic CK determinations may be considered in patients starting therapy with JUVISYNC or whose dose is being increased, but there is no assurance that such monitoring will prevent myopathy.

    Many of the patients who have developed rhabdomyolysis on therapy with simvastatin have had complicated medical histories, including renal impairment usually as a consequence of long-standing diabetes mellitus. Such patients merit closer monitoring. JUVISYNC therapy should be discontinued if markedly elevated CPK levels occur or myopathy is diagnosed or suspected. JUVISYNC therapy should also be temporarily withheld in any patient experiencing an acute or serious condition predisposing to the development of renal failure secondary to rhabdomyolysis, e.g., sepsis; hypotension; major surgery; trauma; severe metabolic, endocrine, or electrolyte disorders; or uncontrolled epilepsy.

     

    Drug Interactions

    The risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis is increased by high levels of statin activity in plasma. Simvastatin is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 isoform 3A4. Certain drugs which inhibit this metabolic pathway can raise the plasma levels of simvastatin and may increase the risk of myopathy. These include itraconazole, ketoconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole, the macrolide antibiotics erythromycin and clarithromycin, the ketolide antibiotic telithromycin, HIV protease inhibitors, boceprevir, telaprevir, the antidepressant nefazodone, cobicistat-containing products, and grapefruit juice [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Combination of these drugs with JUVISYNC is contraindicated. If short-term treatment with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, therapy with JUVISYNC must be suspended during the course of treatment. [See Contraindications (4); Drug Interactions (7.1).]

    The combined use of JUVISYNC with gemfibrozil, cyclosporine, or danazol is contraindicated [see Contraindications (4); Drug Interactions (7.1, 7.2)].

    Caution should be used when prescribing other fibrates with JUVISYNC, as these agents can cause myopathy when given alone and the risk is increased when they are coadministered [see Drug Interactions (7.2)].

    Cases of myopathy, including rhabdomyolysis, have been reported with simvastatin coadministered with colchicine, and caution should be exercised when prescribing JUVISYNC with colchicine [see Drug Interactions (7.7)].

    The benefits of the combined use of JUVISYNC with the following drugs should be carefully weighed against the potential risks of combinations: amiodarone, dronedarone, verapamil, diltiazem, amlodipine, ranolazine and lipid-lowering drugs other than gemfibrozil (other fibrates, ≥1 g/day of niacin, or, for patients with HoFH, lomitapide), [see Drug Interactions (7.2, 7.3, 7.4); Table 6 in Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] [also see Dosage and Administration, Patients with Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia (2.5)].

    Cases of myopathy, including rhabdomyolysis, have been observed with simvastatin coadministered with lipid-modifying doses (≥1 g/day niacin) of niacin-containing products. In an ongoing, double-blind, randomized cardio

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