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HARVONI (ledipasvir 90 mg/sofosbuvir 400 mg) tablets
2014-10-24 10:23:45 来源: 作者: 【 】 浏览:478次 评论:0
美国FDA毫无悬念地批准了吉利德科学的全口服、一天一次的抗丙肝二联复方Harvoni(复方sofosbuvir和ledipasvir)上市,用于治疗基因1型的丙型肝炎感染。
arvoni是首款获批用于治疗慢性HCV基因型1感染的复方药物。它也是首个获批的不需要干扰素或利巴韦林的治疗方案,干扰素和利巴韦林也是FDA批准的用于治疗慢性HCV感染的药物。
Harvoni中的两款药物可干扰HCV增殖所需要的酶。Sofosbuvir是一款之前被批准的HCV药物,以Sovaldi为商品名上市销售。Harvoni中还包含了一款新的药物Ledipasvir。
“随着丙型肝炎治疗药物的开发与批准,我们正在改变美国丙型肝炎患者的治疗范式,”FDA药物评价与研究中心抗微生物产品办公室主任、医学博士、公共卫生学硕士Cox表示称。“直到去年,仅有的可供使用的丙型肝炎治疗药物需要使用干扰素和利巴韦林。目前,患者与卫生保健专业人员有多种治疗选择,包括一款帮助简化治疗方案的复方药物。”
Harvoni是过去一年FDA批准的第三款慢性HCV感染治疗药物。FDA于2013年11年批准Simeprevir,于2013年12月批准Sovaldi。丙型肝炎是一种病毒性疾病,可引起肝脏炎症,导致肝功能下降或肝功能衰竭。大多数HCV感染患者直到肝脏损伤变得明显时才出现疾病症状,这可能需要几十年。
一些慢性HCV感染患者多年之后会发生疤痕和肝硬化,可导致并发症,如出血、黄疸(黄色眼睛或皮肤)、肝腹水、感染和肝癌。据美国疾病控制与预防中心提供的信息,大约有320万美国人感染有HCV,这些人没有正常的治疗,其中15%-30%的人将继续发展成肝硬化。
Harvoni的有效性在3项临床试验中得到评价,试验受试者为1518名之前未接受过感染治疗或对之前治疗没有响应的患者,包括肝硬化患者。受试者在试验中被随机配给Harvoni,添加或不添加利巴韦林。试验旨在完成12周治疗(持续病毒学响应,或SVR)后,丙型肝炎病毒是否还能在血液中被检测到,结果显示受试者的HCV感染得到治愈。
第一项试验的受试者为之前未曾治疗过的患者,在治疗8周时,94%的Harvoni治疗患者获得SVR,在治疗12周时,96%的患者获得SVR。第二项试验中,同样为之前未曾治疗过的有或没有肝硬化的受试者,受试者在12周治疗后获得SVR。
第三项试验是在之前治疗过的有或没有肝硬化受试者身上检测Harvoni的有效性,在治疗12周时,94%的Harvoni治疗患者获得SVR,在治疗24周时,99%的Harvoni治疗患者获得SVR。在所有三项试验中,利巴韦林未增加患者的响应率。临床试验中,受试者最常报道的副作用是疲劳和头疼。
Harvoni是第7款以突破性治疗药物资格获得FDA批准的药物。如果临床前证据显示一款药物与现有治疗药物相比,证明对严重或危及生命疾病患者有实质性的改善,那么FDA可以根据申请者的请求指定这款药物为突破性治疗药物。Harvoni在FDA优先审评计划下完成审评,优先审评为治疗严重疾病及如果获得批准将在安全性及有效性上提供明显改善的药物提供一个加快的审评。
Harvoni和Sovaldi由位于加州福斯特城的吉利德上市销售。Olysio由位于新泽西州力登的杨森制药上市销售。
Harvoni获得FDA“优先评审”资格,也是第7个获得“突破性药物”资质的药物。虽然Sovaldi是抗丙肝药物的头号明星,上市后前两个个季度的销售额分别高达23和35亿美元,但Harvoni凭借以上的诱人数据,相信一旦开始销售很快会取代Sovaldi的霸主地位,成为抗丙肝新的标准疗法。 
New Drugs Online Report for sofosbuvir + ledipasvir
Information
Generic Name:
sofosbuvir + ledipasvir 
Trade Name: Harvoni 
Synonym: GS-7977, GS-5855 
Entry Type: New formulation  
 
Developmental Status
UK: Recommended for approval (Positive opinion) 
EU: Recommended for approval (Positive opinion) 
US: Approved (Licensed) 
UK launch Plans: Available only to registered users
Actual UK launch date:  
Comments
Oct 14: Approved in the US for HCV genotype 1 infection. Approval is based on three PIII studies which showed that Harvoni achieved cure rates (SVR 12) of 94%-99% [17]. 
13/10/2014 11:15:54
Sep 14: EU positive opinion for treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection in adults [16]. 
29/09/2014 14:24:50
Apr 14: Granted priority review in the US. A decision on approval is expected by 10 Oct [14] 
07/04/2014 19:33:19
Feb 14: EU CHMP issues an opinion on the use of a fixed-dose combination of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir in the treatment of chronic HCV infection in a compassionate use programme. The assessment report and conditions of use of the combination of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir with or without ribavirin in this setting will be published shortly on the EMA´s website [13]. 
24/02/2014 11:44:21
Feb 14: Filed in the EU for treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection in adults [12]. 
13/02/2014 10:57:02
Feb 14: Filed in the US as a once-daily fixed-dose combination of ledipasvir 90mg and sofosbuvir 400mg for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection in adults [11] 
11/02/2014 15:45:52
Dec 13: Company plans to file in US Q1 2014,where it has been award Breakthrough designation [10] 
19/12/2013 21:51:52
Oct 12: PIII study starts in US, EU & UK [2]. 
08/10/2012 17:57:03
Trial or other data
Apr 14: NHS England commissioned. Patients eligible for treatment are those with significant risk of death or irreversible damage within the next 12 months, irrespective of genotype [15] 
22/04/2014 09:17:03
Apr 14: Results from three PIII studies published early on-line in the NEJM: ION-1 (http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1402454), ION-2 (http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1316366) and ION-3 (http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1402355) 
14/04/2014 08:37:45
Feb 14: Results of the PII LONESTAR study (n=100) published in the Lancet Feb 8 2014: 383: 515-23. The study found that the fixed dose-combination of sofosbuvir-ledipasvir alone or with ribavirin has the potential to cure most patients with genotype-1 HCV irrespective of treatment history or presence of compensated cirrhosis. 
11/02/2014 15:10:32
Dec 13: Topline results announced from three PIII clinical trials (ION-1, ION-2 and ION-3) of the once-daily fixed-dose combination of sofosbuvir 400mg ledipasvir 90mg, with and without ribavirin, for the treatment of genotype 1 chronic HCV infection. 1,952 patients were enrolled across the 3 studies; of these, 1,512 were treatment-naïve, 440 were treatment experienced and 224 had compensated cirrhosis. Of the 1,518 patients randomized to the 12-week arms of ION-1 and to all arms of ION-2 and ION-3, 1,456 patients (95.9%) achieved the primary efficacy endpoint of SVR12. Of the 62 patients (4.1%) who failed to achieve SVR12, 36 patients (2.4%) experienced virologic failure: 35 due to relapse and only one patient due to on-treatment breakthrough (with documented noncompliance). Twenty-six patients (1.7%) were lost to follow-up or withdrew consent [10]. 
19/12/2013 21:49:46
May 13: NCT01851330 (ION-3) starts May 13 and is due to complete Dec 14 [9]. 
13/05/2013 09:13:20
May 13: Company is to start a 3rd PIII trial (ION-3) of the once daily fixed-dose combination tablet of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir in 600 non-cirrhotic, treatment-naïve genotype 1 HCV-infected patients. The design of ION-3 is based on interim results from the PII LONESTAR study, which eva luated 8- and 12-week courses of therapy in 60 treatment-naïve, non-cirrhotic patients. In this study, 19/19 patients in the 12-week arm had a sustained virologic response four weeks after completing therapy (SVR4) and 40/41 in the 8-week arms had a SVR8, with one relapse occurring in the arm receiving sofosbuvir/ledipasvir without RBV. In ION-3, participants will be randomized to receive sofosbuvir and ledipasvir for 8 weeks (n=200), sofosbuvir and ledipasvir + RBV for 8 weeks (n=200), or sofosbuvir and ledipasvir for 12 weeks (n=200). The primary endpoint is SVR12, defined as maintaining undetectable HCV RNA 12 weeks post-treatment and considered a cure for HCV infection. The study is designed to assess non-inferiority of the 8-week treatment duration arms to the 12-week treatment duration arm [8]. 
03/05/2013 08:43:40
Mar 13: A planned review by the study´s Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) of safety data from 200 pts in all four arms and of SVR4 rates (sustained virologic response four weeks after completion of therapy) from 100 pts in the two 12-week duration arms concluded that the ION-1 trial should continue without modification [7].  
05/04/2013 09:35:12
Jan 13: NCT01768286 (ION-2) is a PIII, multicentre, randomized, open-label study to investigate the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir/GS-5885 fixed-dose combination (400/90 mg) ± ribavirin for 12 and 24 weeks in 400 treatment-experienced subjects with chronic Genotype 1 HCV Infection. The primary outcomes are SVR12 and safety and tolerability. The study starts Jan 13 and is due to complete Nov 14 [4]. 
24/01/2013 17:22:13
Oct 12: NCT01701401 is a PIII, multicentre, randomized, open-label study to investigate the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir/GS-5885 fixed-dose combination (400/90 mg) +/- ribavirin for 12 and 24 weeks in 800 treatment-naive subjects with chronic genotype 1 HCV Infection. The primary outcome is sustained virologic response (SVR) 12 weeks after discontinuing therapy. The study starts Oct 12 and is due to complete Dec 14 [2]. 
08/10/2012 17:56:34
Jul 12: Gilead is planning to start a PIII study of the combination of GS-7977 + GS-5855 in a single pill to treat hepatitis C in a trial of 800 patients by Q4 2012. If the combination is effective, the company could apply for regulatory approval in the middle of 2014 [1]. 
31/07/2012 08:41:11
 
Evidence Based eva luations
NHSC/NIHR  http://www.hsc.nihr.ac.uk/topics/sofosbuvir-with-ledipasvir-for-hepatitis-c-genotyp/
 
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