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IMBRUVICA (ibrutinib) capsule
2014-06-05 22:12:30 来源: 作者: 【 】 浏览:1275次 评论:0
IMBRUVICA™ (ibrutinib) capsules, for oral use
Initial U.S. Approval: 2013

依鲁替尼获准用于治疗慢性淋巴细胞白血病
美国FDA月 2月12日宣布,扩大批准Imbruvica(ibrutinib,依鲁替尼)用途,将其用于先前接受过至少一种药物的慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)患者。
CLL是一种罕见的血液和骨髓疾病,通常此症随着时间的推移慢慢恶化,引起体内称为B淋巴细胞,或B细胞的白血细胞逐渐增加。美国国家癌症研究所估计,2013年有15680名美国人被诊断出罹患此症,以及4580因此死亡。
Imbruvica通过阻断一种允许癌细胞生长和分裂的酶产生效果。2013年11月, Imbruvica获得FDA加速批准,治疗套细胞淋巴瘤(一种罕见的侵袭性血癌),患者(之前他们至少接受过一种药物治疗)。
“今天的获准为尽管已经接受先前的治疗,但病情仍然恶化的CLL患者提供了新的重要选择,”FDA的药品评价和研究中心血液学和肿瘤产品办公室主任Richard Pazdur博士指出。“FDA按照加速审批程序完成了Imbruvica这一新适应症的审查。”
根据加速审批程序,FDA可根据能合理预测临床益处的一种替代或中间终点指标批准新药。获得加速批准的药物通常需履行一份协议,进行验证性试验证实和说明其临床益处。Imbruvica用于CLL也获得优先审查和罕用药认定,因为它对一种严重疾病的治疗中被证实疗效和安全性显著改善,并且是被用于治疗一种罕见疾病。
FDA批准Imbruvica用于CLL治疗的加速批准是根据一项48名先前作过治疗的患者参与的临床研究结果。平均而言,这些参与者在参与临床研究之前6.7年被确诊为白血病,并接受过4种药物。所有研究对象接受Imbruvica,口服420毫克剂量,直至出现不可接受的毒性或疾病恶化。结果表明,近58%参与者治疗后癌症萎缩(整体应答率)。在研究时,应答的持续时间从5.6至24.2个月。在存活或疾病相关症状改善数据尚未确立。
在临床研究中观察到的最常见副作用包括血液血小板减少、腹泻、紫癜、抗感染白细胞(中性粒细胞)减少、红血细胞下降(贫血)、上呼吸道感染、疲劳、骨骼肌肉疼痛、皮疹、发热、便秘、组织肿胀(外周性水肿)、关节痛、恶心、口腔溃疡(口腔炎)、鼻窦感染和头晕。
Imbruvica由总部位于加州Sunnyvale的Pharmacyclics公司生产
作用机理:
依鲁替尼是一种小分子BTK抑制剂,能够与BTK活性中心的半胱氨酸残基共价结合,从而抑制其活性。BTK全称Bruton's tyrosine kinase,在BCR信号通路、细胞因子受体信号通路中传递信号,介导B细胞的迁移、趋化、粘附。临床前研究证明,依鲁替尼能够抑制恶性B细胞的增殖、生存。
临床试验:
111例既往至少接受过一项治疗的患者经依鲁替尼治疗后,总应答率为65.8%(完全应答17.1%+部分应答48.6%),中位持续应答时间为17.5个月。


强生(JNJ)和Pharmacyclics 11月13日宣布,FDA已批准血癌药物ibrutinib(拟用商品名为Imbruvica),用于既往已接受至少一种其他药物(如Celgene公司的Revlimid)治疗的套细胞淋巴瘤(mantle cell lymphoma,MCL)成人患者的治疗。该药成为获得FDA突破疗法认定并获批的第2个药物,ibrutinib将成为上市的首个BTK靶向药物。
FDA于本月早些时候批准了罗氏(Roche)的Gazyva,用于治疗慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL),是首个获FDA突破疗法认定并获批的药物。
在美国,套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)占到了非霍奇金淋巴瘤病例的6%,该病在确诊时,通常已扩散至淋巴结、骨骼和其他器官。
目前,ibrutinib也正在等待FDA批准用于CLL。一些分析人士原以为,FDA会同时批准ibrutinib用于MCL和CLL。
RBC资本市场分析师Michael Yee预计,ibrutinib的长期年度全球销售额将达到50亿美元。
Ibrutinib由杨森与Pharmacyclics合作开发,目前正调查用于数种类型血癌的治疗。
强生分别于今年7月10日和10月30日向FDA和欧洲药品管理局(EMA)提交了Ibrutinib的上市许可申请(MAA),寻求批准用于复发性或难治性慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)/小淋巴细胞白血病(SLL)或复发性或难治性套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)成人患者的治疗。
CLL/SLL和MCL属于一组名为B细胞恶性肿瘤的血液癌症。许多患者在治疗后会复发,可能在治疗过程中使用数种药物。
关于Ibrutinib:
Ibrutinib是一种名为Bruton酪氨酸激酶(BTK)抑制剂的首创新药。BTK是一个重要的蛋白,参与介导调控B细胞成熟和生存的胞内信号通路。在恶性B细胞中,B细胞受体信号通路过度活跃,该信号通路即包括BTK。
Ibrutinib能够与BTK形成强有力的共价键,从而抑制恶性B细胞中过度活跃的细胞生存信号的传输。
IMBRUVICA™ (ibrutinib) capsules, for oral use
Initial U.S. Approval: 2013
RECENT MAJOR CHANGES 
Indications and Usage (1.2) 1/14
Dosage and Administration (2.2, 2.3) 1/14
Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, and 5.5) 1/14
 

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

IMBRUVICA is a kinase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of patients with:

  • Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) who have received at least one prior therapy (1.1).
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have received at least one prior therapy (1.2).

These indications are based on overall response rate. Improvements in survival or disease-related symptoms have not been established (14.1, 14.2).

 
 

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

MCL: 560 mg taken orally once daily (four 140 mg capsules once daily) (2.2).

CLL: 420 mg taken orally once daily (three 140 mg capsules once daily) (2.2).

Capsules should be taken orally with a glass of water. Do not open, break, or chew the capsules (2.1).

 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

Capsule: 140 mg (3)

CONTRAINDICATIONS

None 

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

  • Hemorrhage: Monitor for bleeding (5.1).
  • Infections: Monitor patients for fever and infections and eva luate promptly (5.2).
  • Myelosuppression: Check complete blood counts monthly (5.3).
  • Renal Toxicity: Monitor renal function and maintain hydration (5.4).
  • Second Primary Malignancies: Other malignancies have occurred in patients, including skin cancers, and other carcinomas (5.5).
  • Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: Can cause fetal harm. Advise women of the potential risk to a fetus and to avoid pregnancy while taking the drug (5.6).
 
 ADVERSE REACTIONS

The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) in patients with MCL were thrombocytopenia, diarrhea, neutropenia, anemia, fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, peripheral edema, upper respiratory tract infection, nausea, bruising, dyspnea, constipation, rash, abdominal pain, vomiting and decreased appetite (6.1).

The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) in patients with CLL were thrombocytopenia, diarrhea, bruising, neutropenia, anemia, upper respiratory tract infection, fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, rash, pyrexia, constipation, peripheral edema, arthralgia, nausea, stomatitis, sinusitis, and dizziness (6.2).
 

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Pharmacyclics at 1-877-877-3536 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch

 

DRUG INTERACTIONS

CYP3A Inhibitors: Avoid co-administration with strong and moderate CYP3A inhibitors. If a moderate CYP3A inhibitor must be used, reduce IMBRUVICA dose (2.4, 7.1).

CYP3A Inducers: Avoid co-administration with strong CYP3A inducers (7.2).

 
 

USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

Hepatic Impairment: Avoid use of IMBRUVICA in patients with baseline hepatic impairment (8.7).

 
 See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION and FDA-approved patient labeling.

Revised: 2/2014

FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION

 

 

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

 

1.1 Mantle Cell Lymphoma

IMBRUVICA is indicated for the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) who have received at least one prior therapy. This indication is based on overall response rate. An improvement in survival or disease-related symptoms has not been established [see Clinical Studies (14.1)].

 

1.2 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

IMBRUVICA is indicated for the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have received at least one prior therapy. This indication is based on overall response rate. An improvement in survival or disease-related symptoms has not been established [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].

 

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

 

2.1 Dosing Guidelines

Administer IMBRUVICA orally once daily at approximately the same time each day. Swallow the capsules whole with water. Do not open, break, or chew the capsules.

 

2.2 Dosage

 

Mantle Cell Lymphoma

The recommended dose of IMBRUVICA for MCL is 560 mg (four 140 mg capsules) orally once daily.

 

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

The recommended dose of IMBRUVICA for CLL is 420 mg (three 140 mg capsules) orally once daily.

 

2.3 Dose Modifications for Adverse Reactions

Interrupt IMBRUVICA therapy for any Grade 3 or greater non-hematological, Grade 3 or greater neutropenia with infection or fever, or Grade 4 hematological toxicities. Once the symptoms of the toxicity have resolved to Grade 1 or baseline (recovery), IMBRUVICA therapy may be reinitiated at the starting dose. If the toxicity reoccurs, reduce dose by one capsule (140 mg per day). A second reduction of dose by 140 mg may be considered as needed. If these toxicities persist or recur following two dose reductions, discontinue IMBRUVICA.

Recommended dose modifications for these toxicities are described below:

Toxicity Occurrence MCL Dose Modification After Recovery
Starting Dose = 560 mg
CLL Dose Modification After Recovery Starting Dose = 420 mg
First Restart at 560 mg daily Restart at 420 mg daily
Second Restart at 420 mg daily Restart at 280 mg daily
Third Restart at 280 mg daily Restart at 140 mg daily
Fourth Discontinue IMBRUVICA Discontinue IMBRUVICA

 

2.4 Dose Modifications for Use with CYP3A Inhibitors

Avoid co-administration with strong or moderate CYP3A inhibitors and consider alternative agents with less CYP3A inhibition.

Concomitant use of strong CYP3A inhibitors which would be taken chronically (e.g., ritonavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, saquinavir, boceprevir, telaprevir, nefazodone) is not recommended. For short-term use (treatment for 7 days or less) of strong CYP3A inhibitors (e.g., antifungals and antibiotics) consider interrupting IMBRUVICA therapy until the CYP3A inhibitor is no longer needed [see Drug Interactions (7.1)].

Reduce IMBRUVICA dose to 140 mg if a moderate CYP3A inhibitor must be used (e.g., fluconazole, darunavir, erythromycin, diltiazem, atazanavir, aprepitant, amprenavir, fosamprevir, crizotinib, imatinib, verapamil, grapefruit products and ciprofloxacin) [see Drug Interactions (7.1)].

Patients taking concomitant strong or moderate CYP3A inhibitors should be monitored more closely for signs of IMBRUVICA toxicity.

 

2.5 Missed Dose

If a dose of IMBRUVICA is not taken at the scheduled time, it can be taken as soon as possible on the same day with a return to the normal schedule the following day. Extra capsules of IMBRUVICA should not be taken to make up for the missed dose.

 

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

140 mg capsules

 

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

None

 

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

 

5.1 Hemorrhage

Five percent of patients with MCL and 6% of patients with CLL had Grade 3 or higher bleeding events (subdural hematoma, ecchymoses, gastrointestinal bleeding, and hematuria). Overall, bleeding events including bruising of any grade occurred in 48% of patients with MCL treated with 560 mg daily and 63% of patients with CLL treated at 420 mg daily.

The mechanism for the bleeding events is not well understood.

IMBRUVICA may increase the risk of hemorrhage in patients receiving antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapies.

Consider the benefit-risk of withholding IMBRUVICA for at least 3 to 7 days pre and post-surgery depending upon the type of surgery and the risk of bleeding [see Clinical Studies (14)].

 

5.2 Infections

Fatal and non-fatal infections have occurred with IMBRUVICA therapy. At least 25% of patients with MCL and 35% of patients with CLL had infections Grade 3 or greater NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) [See Adverse Reactions (6.1) and (6.2)]. Monitor patients for fever and infections and eva luate promptly.

 

5.3 Myelosuppression

Treatment-emergent Grade 3 or 4 cytopenias were reported in 41% of patients with MCL and 35% of patients with CLL. These included neutropenia (29%), thrombocytopenia (17%) and anemia (9%) in patients with MCL and neutropenia (27%) and thrombocytopenia (10%) in patients with CLL.

Monitor complete blood counts monthly.

 

5.4 Renal Toxicity

Fatal and serious cases of renal failure have occurred with IMBRUVICA therapy. Treatment-emergent increases in creatinine levels up to 1.5 times the upper limit of normal occurred in 67% of patients with MCL and 23% of patients with CLL. Increases in creatinine 1.5 to 3 times the upper limit of normal occurred in 9% of patients with MCL and 4% of patients with CLL. Periodically monitor creatinine levels. Maintain hydration.

 

5.5 Second Primary Malignancies

Other malignancies have occurred in 5% of patients with MCL and 10% of patients with CLL who have been treated with IMBRUVICA. Four percent of patients with MCL, had skin cancers and 1% had other carcinomas. Eight percent of patients with CLL had skin cancers and 2% had other carcinomas.

 

5.6 Embryo-Fetal Toxicity

Based on findings in animals, IMBRUVICA can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Ibrutinib caused malformations in rats at exposures 14 times those reported in patients with MCL and 20 times those reported in patients with CLL, receiving the ibrutinib dose of 560 mg per day and 420 mg per day, respectively. Reduced fetal weights were observed at lower exposures. Advise women to avoid becoming pregnant while taking IMBRUVICA. If this drug is used during pregnancy or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to a fetus [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].

 

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

The following adverse reactions are discussed in more detail in other sections of the labeling:

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely variable conditions, adverse event rates observed in clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared with rates of clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

 

6.1 Mantle Cell Lymphoma

The data described below reflect exposure to IMBRUVICA in a clinical trial that included 111 patients with previously treated MCL treated with 560 mg daily with a median treatment duration of 8.3 months.

The most commonly occurring adverse reactions (≥ 20%) were thrombocytopenia, diarrhea, neutropenia, anemia, fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, peripheral edema, upper respiratory tract infection, nausea, bruising, dyspnea, constipation, rash, abdominal pain, vomiting and decreased appetite (See Tables 1 and 2).

The most common Grade 3 or 4 non-hematological adverse reactions (≥ 5%) were pneumonia, abdominal pain, atrial fibrillation, diarrhea, fatigue, and skin infections.

Adverse reactions from the MCL trial (N=111) using single agent IMBRUVICA 560 mg daily occurring at a rate of ≥ 10% are presented in Table 1.

Table 1: Non-Hematologic Adverse Reactions in ≥ 10% of Patients with Mantle Cell Lymphoma (N=111)
System Organ Class Preferred Term All Grades (%) Grade 3 or 4 (%)
Gastrointestinal disorders Diarrhea 51 5
Nausea 31 0
Constipation 25 0
Abdominal pain 24 5
Vomiting 23 0
Stomatitis 17 1
Dyspepsia 11 0
Infections and infestations Upper respiratory tract infection 34 0
Urinary tract infection 14 3
Pneumonia 14 7
Skin infections 14 5
Sinusitis 13 1
General disorders and administrative site conditions Fatigue 41 5
Peripheral edema 35 3
Pyrexia 18 1
Asthenia 14 3
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders Bruising 30 0
Rash 25 3
Petechiae 11 0
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders Musculoskeletal pain 37 1
Muscle spasms 14 0
Arthralgia 11 0
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders Dyspnea 27 4
Cough 19 0
Epistaxis 11 0
Metabolism and nutrition disorders Decreased appetite 21 2
Dehydration 12 4
Nervous system disorders Dizziness 14 0
Headache 13 0
Table 2: Treatment-Emergent* Decrease of Hemoglobin, Platelets, or Neutrophils in Patients with MCL (N=111)
  Percent of Patients (N=111)
All Grades (%) Grade 3 or 4 (%)
*
Based on laboratory measurements and adverse reactions
Platelets Decreased 57 17
Neutrophils Decreased 47 29
Hemoglobin Decreased 41 9

Ten patients (9%) discontinued treatment due to adverse reactions in the trial (N=111). The most frequent

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