Pharmacological Class:
Proteasome inhibitor.
Active Ingredient(s):
Carfilzomib 60mg/vial; lyophilized pwd for IV inj after reconstitution; preservative-free.
Company
Onyx Pharmaceuticals
Indication(s):
Treatment of patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least two prior therapies including bortezomib and an immunomodulatory agent and have demonstrated disease progression on or within 60 days of completion of the last therapy.
Pharmacology:
Carfilzomib is a tetrapeptide epoxyketone proteasome inhibitor that irreversibly binds to the N-terminal threonine-containing active sites of the 20S proteasome, the proteolytic core particle within the 26S proteasome. Carfilzomib had antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities in vitro in solid and hematologic tumor cells.
Clinical Trials:
The safety and efficacy of Kyprolis were eva luated in a single-arm, multicenter clinical trial. Two hundred and sixty-six patients with relapsed multiple myeloma who had received at least two prior therapies (including bortezomib and thalidomide and/or lenalidomide) were enrolled. Patients were enrolled in the trial whose disease had a ≤25% response to the most recent therapy or had disease progression during or within 60 days of the most recent therapy. Patients were excluded from the trial with total bilirubin levels ≥2 × upper limit of normal; CrCl <30mL/min; NYHA Class III to IV CHF; symptomatic cardiac ischemia; myocardial infarction (MI) within the last 6 months; peripheral neuropathy Grade 3 or 4, or peripheral neuropathy Grade 2 with pain; active infections requiring treatment; and pleural effusion.
Kyprolis was administered intravenously over 2–10 minutes on two consecutive days each week for three weeks, followed by a 12-day rest period (28-day treatment cycle), until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or for a maximum of 12 cycles. Patients received 20mg/m2 at each dose in Cycle 1, and 27mg/m2 in subsequent cycles. To reduce the incidence and severity of fever, rigors, chills, dyspnea, myalgia, and arthralgia, dexamethasone 4mg by mouth or by IV infusion was administered prior to all Kyprolis doses during the first cycle and prior to all Kyprolis doses during the first dose-escalation (27mg/m2) cycle. Dexamethasone premedication (4mg orally or intravenously) was reinstated if these symptoms reappeared during subsequent cycles.
The median number of cycles started was four.
The primary endpoint was the overall response rate (ORR) as determined by Independent Review Committee using International Myeloma Working Group criteria. The ORR (stringent complete response [sCR] + complete response [CR] + very good partial response [VGPR] + partial response [PR]) was 22.9% (95% CI: 18.0, 28.5) (N=266). The median duration of response was 7.8 months (95% CI: 5.6, 9.2).
Legal Classification:
Rx
Adults:
See literature. Premedicate with dexamethasone prior to all Cycle 1 doses, during 1st dose escalation and if infusion reactions occur. Give by IV over 2–10 minutes, on two consecutive days each week for 3 weeks (Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16), followed by a 12-day rest period (Days 17–28). In Cycle 1: 20mg/m2 per each dose, if tolerated increase to 27mg/m2 starting in Cycle 2 and subsequent cycles; continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurs. On dialysis: give dose after session. Toxicity dose modification: see literature.
Children:
Not established.
Warnings/Precautions:
Risk of cardiac complications (eg, CHF, MI, pulmonary edema); monitor and manage promptly if occurs. Pulmonary hypertension; if suspected, withold therapy until resolved; may consider restarting after reeva luate. Monitor for dyspnea or tumor lysis syndrome, and manage promptly if occurs; interrupt therapy until resolved. Maintain adequate hydration. Monitor platelets frequently during therapy. Hepatic impairment (monitor enzymes). Pregnancy (Cat. D); avoid. Nursing mothers: not recommended.
Adverse Reaction(s)
Fatigue, anemia, nausea, thrombocytopenia, dyspnea, diarrhea, pyrexia; cardiac events, pulmonary HTN, infusion reactions, tumor lysis syndrome, hepatic toxicity/failure.
How Supplied:
Single use vial—1
LAST UPDATED:
7/30/2012
KYPROLIS® (carfilzomib) for Injection is indicated for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least 2 prior therapies including bortezomib and an immunomodulatory agent and have demonstrated disease progression on or within 60 days of completion of the last therapy. Approval is based on response rate. Clinical benefit, such as improvement in survival or symptoms, has not been verified.
Important Safety Information
CONTRAINDICATIONS
None.
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
The safety of KYPROLIS was eva luated in clinical studies of 526 patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma.
Cardiac Arrest, Congestive Heart Failure, Myocardial Ischemia
Death due to cardiac arrest has occurred within a day of KYPROLIS administration. New onset or worsening of pre-existing congestive heart failure with decreased left ventricular function or myocardial ischemia have occurred following administration of KYPROLIS. Cardiac failure events (e.g., cardiac failure congestive, pulmonary edema, ejection fraction decreased) were reported in 7% of patients. Monitor for cardiac complications and manage promptly. Withhold KYPROLIS for Grade 3 or 4 cardiac events until recovery and consider whether to restart KYPROLIS based on a benefit/risk assessment. Patients with New York Heart Association Class III and IV heart failure, myocardial infarction in the preceding 6 months, and conduction abnormalities uncontrolled by medications may be at greater risk for cardiac complications.
Pulmonary Hypertension
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was reported in 2% of patients treated with KYPROLIS and was Grade 3 or greater in less than 1% of patients. eva luate with cardiac imaging and/or other tests as indicated. Withhold KYPROLIS for pulmonary hypertension until resolved or returned to baseline and consider whether to restart KYPROLIS based on a benefit/risk assessment.
Pulmonary Complications
Dyspnea was reported in 35% of patients enrolled in clinical trials. Grade 3 dyspnea occurred in 5%; no Grade 4 events, and 1 death (Grade 5) was reported. Monitor and manage dyspnea immediately; interrupt KYPROLIS until symptoms have resolved or returned to baseline.
Infusion Reactions
Infusion reactions were characterized by a spectrum of systemic symptoms including fever, chills, arthralgia, myalgia, facial flushing, facial edema, vomiting, weakness, shortness of breath, hypotension, syncope, chest tightness, or angina. These reactions can occur immediately following infusion or up to 24 hours after administration of KYPROLIS. Administer dexamethasone prior to KYPROLIS to reduce the incidence and severity of reactions. Inform patients of the risk and symptoms, and to contact physician if symptoms of an infusion reaction occur.
Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) occurred following KYPROLIS administration in < 1% of patients. Patients with multiple myeloma and a high tumor burden should be considered to be at greater risk for TLS. Prior to receiving KYPROLIS, ensure that patients are well hydrated. Monitor for evidence of TLS during treatment, and manage promptly. Interrupt KYPROLIS until TLS is resolved.
Thrombocytopenia
KYPROLIS causes thrombocytopenia with platelet nadirs occurring around Day 8 of each 28-day cycle and recovery to baseline by the start of the next 28-day cycle. In patients with multiple myeloma, 36% of patients experienced thrombocytopenia, including Grade 4 in 10%. Thrombocytopenia following KYPROLIS administration resulted in a dose reduction in 1% of patients and discontinuation of treatment with KYPROLIS in < 1% of patients. Monitor platelet counts frequently during treatment with KYPROLIS. Reduce or interrupt dose as clinically indicated.
Hepatic Toxicity and Hepatic Failure
Cases of hepatic failure, including fatal cases, have been reported (< 1%). KYPROLIS can cause elevations of serum transaminases and bilirubin. Withhold KYPROLIS in patients experiencing Grade 3 or greater elevations of transaminases, bilirubin, or other liver enzyme abnormalities until resolved or returned to baseline. After resolution, consider if restarting KYPROLIS is appropriate. Monitor liver enzymes frequently.
Embryo-fetal Toxicity
KYPROLIS can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman based on its mechanism of action and findings in animals. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women using KYPROLIS. Carfilzomib caused embryo-fetal toxicity in pregnant rabbits at doses that were lower than in patients receiving the recommended dose. Females of reproductive potential should be advised to avoid becoming pregnant while being treated with KYPROLIS.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
Serious adverse reactions were reported in 45% of patients. The most common serious adverse reactions were pneumonia (10%), acute renal failure (4%), pyrexia (3%), and congestive heart failure (3%). Adverse reactions leading to discontinuation of KYPROLIS occurred in 15% of patients and included congestive heart failure (2%), cardiac arrest, dyspnea, increased blood creatinine, and acute renal failure (1% each).
The most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥ 30%) were fatigue (56%), anemia (47%), nausea (45%), thrombocytopenia (36%), dyspnea (35%), diarrhea (33%), and pyrexia (30%).
USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
Since dialysis clearance of KYPROLIS concentrations has not been studied, the drug should be administered after the dialysis procedure.
