Reports of ketoacidosis, a serious life-threatening condition requiring urgent hospitalization, have been identified in clinical trials and postmarketing surveillance in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and cases have been reported in ertugliflozin-treated patients in clinical trials. Across the clinical program, ketoacidosis was identified in 3 of 3,409 (0.1%) of ertugliflozin-treated patients and 0% of comparator-treated patients. Fatal cases of ketoacidosis have been reported in patients taking medicines containing SGLT2 inhibitors. SEGLUROMET is not indicated for the treatment of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus [see Indications and Usage (1)].

 

Patients treated with SEGLUROMET who present with signs and symptoms consistent with severe metabolic acidosis should be assessed for ketoacidosis regardless of presenting blood glucose levels, as ketoacidosis associated with SEGLUROMET may be present even if blood glucose levels are less than 250 mg/dL. If ketoacidosis is suspected, SEGLUROMET should be discontinued, patient should be eva luated, and prompt treatment should be instituted. Treatment of ketoacidosis may require insulin, fluid, and carbohydrate replacement.

 

In many of the reported cases, and particularly in patients with type 1 diabetes, the presence of ketoacidosis was not immediately recognized and institution of treatment was delayed because presenting blood glucose levels were below those typically expected for diabetic ketoacidosis (often less than 250 mg/dL). Signs and symptoms at presentation were consistent with dehydration and severe metabolic acidosis and included nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, generalized malaise, and shortness of breath. In some but not all cases, factors predisposing to ketoacidosis such as insulin dose reduction, acute febrile illness, reduced caloric intake due to illness or surgery, pancreatic disorders suggesting insulin deficiency (e.g., type 1 diabetes, history of pancreatitis or pancreatic surgery), and alcohol abuse were identified.

 

Before initiating SEGLUROMET, consider factors in the patient history that may predispose to ketoacidosis, including pancreatic insulin deficiency from any cause, caloric restriction, and alcohol abuse. In patients treated with SEGLUROMET consider monitoring for ketoacidosis and temporarily discontinuing SEGLUROMET in clinical situations known to predispose to ketoacidosis (e.g., prolonged fasting due to acute illness or surgery).

 

5.4 Acute Kidney Injury and Impairment in Renal Function

 

SEGLUROMET causes intravascular volume contraction and can cause renal impairment [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. There have been postmarketing reports of acute kidney injury some requiring hospitalization and dialysis in patients receiving SGLT2 inhibitors.