een not only on GI smooth muscle, but also on bladder function, the eye, and temperature regulation.
Oxycodone: Opiate agonists should be used cautiously with antimuscarinics since additive depressive effects on GI motility or bladder function may been seen. Opioids increase the tone and decrease the propulsive contractions of the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract. Prolongation of the gastrointestinal transit time may be the mechanism of the constipating effect. Opiate analgesics combined with antimuscarinics can cause severe constipation or paralytic ileus, especially with chronic use. Pharmacology texts report that meperidine exerts less pronounced effects on GI smooth muscle than other opiate agonists.
Oxymorphone: Opiate agonists should be used cautiously with antimuscarinics since additive depressive effects on GI motility or bladder function may been seen. Opioids increase the tone and decrease the propulsive contractions of the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract. Prolongation of the gastrointestinal transit time may be the mechanism of the constipating effect. Opiate analgesics combined with antimuscarinics can cause severe constipation or paralytic ileus, especially with chronic use. Pharmacology texts report that meperidine exerts less pronounced effects on GI smooth muscle than other opiate agonists.
Pentazocine: Use pentazocine with caution in any patient receiving anticholinergic agents. Coadministration of pentazocine with antimuscarinics may result in additive anticholinergic effects, such as urinary retention and constipation.
Pentazocine; Naloxone: Use pentazocine with caution in any patient receiving anticholinergic agents. Coadministration of pentazocine with antimuscarinics may result in additive anticholinergic effects, such as urinary retention and constipation.
Perphenazine: Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when anticholinergics are used concomitantly with phenothiazines, including perphenazine. Clinicians should note that antimuscarinic effects may be seen not only on GI smooth muscle, but also on bladder function, the eye, and temperature regulation. Additive drowsiness or other additive CNS effects may also occur.
Perphenazine; Amitriptyline: Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when anticholinergics are used concomitantly with phenothiazines, including perphenazine. Clinicians should note that antimuscarinic effects may be seen not only on GI smooth muscle, but also on bladder function, the eye, and temperature regulation. Additive drowsiness or other additive CNS effects may also occur.
Phentermine; Topiramate: Use caution if carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are administered with anticholinergics and monitor for excessive anticholinergic adverse effects. The use of topiramate with agents that may increase the risk for heat-related disorders, such as anticholinergics, may lead to oligohidrosis, hyperthermia and/or heat stroke.
Phenylephrine: Atropine blocks the vagal reflex bradycardia caused by sympathomimetic agents, such as phenylephrine, and increases its pressor effect.
Phenylephrine; Promethazine: Atropine blocks the vagal reflex bradycardia caused by sympathomimetic agents, such as phenylephrine, and increases its pressor effect. Additive anticholinergic effects may be seen when anticholinergics are used concomitantly with phenothiazines, including promethazine. Clinicians should note that anti |
