unction, the CNS, the eye, and temperature regulation.
Molindone: Antipsychotics are associated with anticholinergic effects; therefore, additive effects may be seen during concurrent use of molindone and other drugs having anticholinergic activity such as antimuscarinics. Clinicians should note that antimuscarinic effects may be seen not only on GI smooth muscle, but also on bladder function, the eye, and temperature regulation. Additive drowsiness or other CNS effects may also occur.
Morphine: Opiate agonists should be used cautiously with antimuscarinics since additive depressive effects on GI motility or bladder function may been seen. Opioids increase the tone and decrease the propulsive contractions of the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract. Prolongation of the gastrointestinal transit time may be the mechanism of the constipating effect. Opiate analgesics combined with antimuscarinics can cause severe constipation or paralytic ileus, especially with chronic use. Pharmacology texts report that meperidine exerts less pronounced effects on GI smooth muscle than other opiate agonists.
Morphine; Naltrexone: Opiate agonists should be used cautiously with antimuscarinics since additive depressive effects on GI motility or bladder function may been seen. Opioids increase the tone and decrease the propulsive contractions of the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract. Prolongation of the gastrointestinal transit time may be the mechanism of the constipating effect. Opiate analgesics combined with antimuscarinics can cause severe constipation or paralytic ileus, especially with chronic use. Pharmacology texts report that meperidine exerts less pronounced effects on GI smooth muscle than other opiate agonists.
Nabilone: Concurrent use of nabilone with anticholinergics may result in pronounced tachycardia and drowsiness.
Naproxen; Pseudoephedrine: Atropine blocks the vagal reflex bradycardia caused by pseudoephedrine, and increases its pressor effect. Patients need to be asked whether they have taken pseudoephedrine before receiving atropine.
Neostigmine: Coadministration of atropine and neostigmine may produce a mutually antagonistic effect.
Nitrofurantoin: Antimuscarinics can delay gastric emptying, possibly increasing the bioavailability of nitrofurantoin.
Norepinephrine: Pharmacologically, sufficient doses of atropine block various types of vagal reflex bradycardia. Because norepinephrine causes vagal reflex bradycardia, the concomitant use of atropine and norepinephrine may increase the pressor effect of norepinephrine.
Olanzapine: The anticholinergic effects of atropine may be enhanced when combined with other drugs with moderate to significant anticholinergic effects including olanzapine. Clinicians should note that antimuscarinic effects might be seen not only on GI smooth muscle, but also on bladder function, the eye, and temperature regulation. Additive drowsiness may also occur.
Omeprazole; Sodium Bicarbonate: Antacids may inhibit the oral absorption of antimuscarinics. Simultaneous oral administration should be avoided when feasible; separate dosing by at least 2 hours to limit an interaction.
Orphenadrine: The anticholinergic effects of atropine may be enhanced when combined with other commonly used drugs with moderate to significant anticholinergic effects including orphenadrine. Clinicians should note that anticholinergic effects may be s |
