r for the 0.75 mg dose, and 0.107 L/hr for the 1.5 mg dose. The elimination half-life of dulaglutide for both doses is approximately 5 days.
Specific Populations
No dose adjustment of dulaglutide is needed based on age, gender, race, ethnicity, body weight, or renal or hepatic impairment. The effects of intrinsic factors on the PK of dulaglutide are shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Impact of intrinsic factors on dulaglutide pharmacokinetics.
Renal – Dulaglutide systemic exposure was increased by 20, 28, 14 and 12% for mild, moderate, severe, and ESRD renal impairment sub-groups, respectively, compared to subjects with normal renal function. The corresponding values for increase in Cmax were 13, 23, 20 and 11%, respectively (Figure 1). [see Dosage and Administration (2.3), Warning and Precautions (5.5), Use in Specific Population (8.7)].
Hepatic - Dulaglutide systemic exposure decreased by 23, 33 and 21% for mild, moderate and severe hepatic impairment groups, respectively, compared to subjects with normal hepatic function, and Cmax was decreased by a similar magnitude (Figure 1). [see Use in Specific Population (8.6)].
Drug Interactions
The potential effect of co-administered medications on the PK of dulaglutide and vice-versa was studied in several single- and multiple-dose studies in healthy subjects, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and patients with hypertension.
Potential for Dulaglutide to Influence the Pharmacokinetics of Other Drugs
Dulaglutide slows gastric emptying and, as a result, may reduce the extent and rate of absorption of orally co-administered medications. In clinical pharmacology studies, dulaglutide did not affect the absorption of the tested orally administered medications to any clinically relevant degree.
Pharmacokinetic (PK) measures indicating the magnitude of these interactions are presented in Figure 2. No dose adjustment is recommended for any of the eva luated co-administered medications.
Figure 2: Impact of dulaglutide on the pharmacokinetics of co-administered medications.
Potential for Co-administered Drugs to Influence the Pharmacokinetics of Dulaglutide
In a clinical pharmacology study, the coadministration of a single dose of dulaglutide (1.5 mg) with steady-state sitagliptin (100 mg) caused an increase in dulaglutide AUC and Cmax of approximately 38% and 27%, which is not considered clinically relevant.
13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, and Impairment of Fertility
A 2-year carcinogenicity study was conducted with dulaglutide in male and female rats at doses of 0.05, 0.5, 1.5, and 5.0 mg/kg (0.5-, 7-, 20-, and 58-fold the MRHD of 1.5 mg once weekly based on AUC) administered by subcutaneous injection twice weekly. In rats, dulaglutide caused a dose-related and treatment-duration-dependent increase in the incidence of thyroid C-cell tumors (adenomas and/or carcinomas) compared to controls, at ≥7-fold the MRHD based on AUC. A statistically significant increase in C-cell adenomas was observed in rats receiving dulaglutide at ≥0.5 mg/kg). Numerical increases in thyroid C-cell carcinomas occurred at 5 mg/kg (58 times the MRHD based on AUC) and were considered to be treatment-related despite the absence of statistical significance.
A 6-month carcinogenicity study was conducted with dulaglutide in rasH2 transgenic mice at doses of 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/kg administered by subcutaneous injection twice weekly. Dulaglutide did not produce |
